Effects of Multidomain Intervention on Cognitive Function in Community-dwelling Elderly

Effects of Multidomain Intervention on Cognitive Function in Community-dwelling Elderly

The aging population has contributed to an increase in cognitive decline. To mitigate the rise in the dementia population, it is crucial to prevent cognitive decline in older adults with normal functioning, subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Maintaining cognitive abilities as early as possible is essential for improved overall health and quality of life.

Healthcare for the elderly should focus on strengthening health promotion related to aging factors, such as cognitive function, mobility, nutrition, chronic disease management, oral health, fall prevention, transportation safety, psychosocial factors, and sleep. Additionally, as the etiology of dementia is multifactorial, numerous studies have been devoted to multidomain intervention, targeting multiple factors and domains in combination to enhance functions. The cumulative or synergistic effects of multidomain have garnered significant attention for their effectiveness in improving or maintaining the function of the elderly.

Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of multidomain intervention, including combined physical and cognitive training, nutrition, chronic disease management, oral health, fall prevention, transportation safety, psychosocial factors, and sleep, on cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥ 60 years old
2. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score > 20 (Folstein et al., 1975), able to follow instructions and participate in activities
3. With self-reported or caregiver-reported memory or cognitive-related problems
4. No diagnosis of any type of dementia

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Unstable medical condition that would prevent safe participation in exercise training (e.g., myocardial infarction, heart failure, recent cardiac surgery, severe asthma, concomitant neurological disorders, or joint deformities)
2. Participation in other studies
3. Inability to provide informed consent