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This randomized crossover trial will investigate the acute effects of five passive recovery interventions following a standardized high-intensity cycling exercise protocol. Participants will complete one supervised high-intensity cycling session per week for five consecutive weeks. Immediately after each exercise session, participants will receive one of five recovery interventions: compression therapy, vacuum therapy, kinesiology taping, passive rest, or classical massage. The order of the interventions will be randomized according to a balanced crossover sequence. Each participant will experience all five recovery interventions during the study period. Outcomes related to post-exercise recovery will be assessed across intervention periods.
This study is designed as a randomized, five-period, five-treatment crossover trial. All participants will complete a standardized high-intensity cycling exercise protocol once weekly for five consecutive weeks. Following each cycling session, participants will receive one passive recovery intervention. The five recovery interventions are compression therapy, vacuum therapy, kinesiology taping, passive rest, and classical massage.
Participants will be randomized to one of five intervention sequences to balance the order of recovery interventions across the study period. Each intervention will be administered once to each participant, and all participants will receive all five interventions. A seven-day interval between weekly exercise sessions will separate intervention periods. The crossover design allows each participant to serve as his or her own control when comparing the acute effects of the recovery interventions.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sequence A: Compression-Vacuum-KT-Rest-Massage | Experimental | Participants randomized to Sequence A will complete a standardized high-intensity cycling exercise session once weekly for five consecutive weeks. Immediately after each session, they will receive recovery interventions in the following order: Week 1 compression therapy, Week 2 vacuum therapy, Week 3 kinesiology taping, Week 4 passive rest, and Week 5 classical massage. |
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| Sequence B: Vacuum-KT-Rest-Massage-Compression | Experimental | Participants randomized to Sequence B will complete a standardized high-intensity cycling exercise session once weekly for five consecutive weeks. Immediately after each session, they will receive recovery interventions in the following order: Week 1 vacuum therapy, Week 2 kinesiology taping, Week 3 passive rest, Week 4 classical massage, and Week 5 compression therapy. |
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| Sequence C: KT-Rest-Massage-Compression-Vacuum | Experimental | Participants randomized to Sequence C will complete a standardized high-intensity cycling exercise session once weekly for five consecutive weeks. Immediately after each session, they will receive recovery interventions in the following order: Week 1 kinesiology taping, Week 2 passive rest, Week 3 classical massage, Week 4 compression therapy, and Week 5 vacuum therapy. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-Intensity Cycling Exercise Protocol | Behavioral | All participants will perform a standardized supervised high-intensity cycling exercise protocol once weekly for five consecutive weeks. The cycling protocol will be administered before the assigned recovery intervention in each study period. Exercise intensity, duration, and progression will be standardized across participants and sessions. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Total Quality Recovery (TQR) Score | Recovery status assessed using the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) scale following each recovery intervention. | Baseline, immediately after recovery intervention, and 24 hours after exercise |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived Recovery Status | Perceived recovery will be assessed using a standardized perceived recovery scale after each passive recovery intervention. | Baseline, immediately after the recovery intervention, and 24 hours after exercise |
| Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pamukkale University, Faculty of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation | Recruiting | Denizli | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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Participants will be randomized to one of five balanced crossover sequences. All participants will complete the same standardized high-intensity cycling exercise protocol once weekly for five weeks. After each exercise session, participants will receive one of five passive recovery interventions. Each participant will receive all five interventions, but the order of interventions will differ according to the randomized sequence.
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| Sequence D: Rest-Massage-Compression-Vacuum-KT | Experimental | Participants randomized to Sequence D will complete a standardized high-intensity cycling exercise session once weekly for five consecutive weeks. Immediately after each session, they will receive recovery interventions in the following order: Week 1 passive rest, Week 2 classical massage, Week 3 compression therapy, Week 4 vacuum therapy, and Week 5 kinesiology taping. |
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| Sequence E: Massage-Compression-Vacuum-KT-Rest | Experimental | Participants randomized to Sequence E will complete a standardized high-intensity cycling exercise session once weekly for five consecutive weeks. Immediately after each session, they will receive recovery interventions in the following order: Week 1 classical massage, Week 2 compression therapy, Week 3 vacuum therapy, Week 4 kinesiology taping, and Week 5 passive rest. |
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| Doctor Life MK400L Sequential Intermittent Compression Device | Device | Compression therapy will be administered using the Doctor Life MK400L 6-chamber sequential intermittent compression device, code MK4L250-BL. The intervention will be applied immediately after the standardized high-intensity cycling exercise session. The application will be delivered according to a standardized protocol, including participant positioning, treated body region, application duration, and device settings. |
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| Intelect Neo Therapy System with Chattanooga Intelect Neo Vacuum Module | Device | Vacuum therapy will be administered using the Intelect Neo Therapy System with the Chattanooga Intelect Neo Vacuum Module. The intervention will be applied immediately after the standardized high-intensity cycling exercise session. The application will be delivered according to a standardized protocol, including participant positioning, treated body region, application duration, vacuum cup placement, and vacuum pressure settings. |
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| Kinesiology Taping | Other | Kinesiology taping will be applied immediately after the standardized high-intensity cycling exercise session by a trained physiotherapist. Tape placement, application technique, tension, target region, and wear time will be standardized across participants. |
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| Passive Rest | Other | Participants will rest quietly after the standardized high-intensity cycling exercise session for a standardized duration. No manual therapy, mechanical therapy, taping, or additional recovery intervention will be administered during the passive rest condition. |
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| Classical Massage | Other | Classical massage will be administered immediately after the standardized high-intensity cycling exercise session by a trained physiotherapist. The treated body region, massage techniques, sequence of techniques, pressure, and application duration will be standardized across participants. |
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Perceived exertion will be assessed using the Rating of Perceived Exertion scale during or after the standardized cycling exercise protocol. |
| Immediately after exercise |
| Muscle Soreness Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | Perceived muscle soreness will be assessed using a Visual Analog Scale following each recovery intervention. | Baseline, immediately after the recovery intervention, and 24 hours after exercise |
| Vertical Jump Performance | Lower-limb explosive performance will be assessed using a vertical jump test. | Baseline, immediately after the recovery intervention, and 24 hours after exercise |
| Sit-and-Reach Test | Hamstring and lower-back flexibility will be assessed using the sit-and-reach test. | Baseline, immediately after the recovery intervention, and 24 hours after exercise |
| Heart Rate | Heart rate will be measured to monitor physiological response to exercise and recovery interventions. | Baseline, immediately after exercise, immediately after the recovery intervention, and 24 hours after exercise |
| Blood Pressure | Systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured to monitor cardiovascular response to exercise and recovery interventions. | Baseline, immediately after exercise, immediately after the recovery intervention, and 24 hours after exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D054843 | Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004322 | Drainage |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D013514 | Surgical Procedures, Operative |
| D058106 | Wound Closure Techniques |
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