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This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial will investigate the effects of multi-ingredient supplementation containing taurine, caffeine, and phosphatidylserine on physical performance, cognitive function, cognitive fatigue responses, recovery, sleep quality, and autonomic nervous system activity in elite male soccer players. Participants will complete a 14-day supplementation protocol and undergo football-specific performance, reaction-time, cognitive-fatigue, recovery, and sleep-related assessments before and after the intervention. The study aims to determine whether phosphatidylserine dose influences physical, cognitive, fatigue-related, and recovery-related outcomes when combined with taurine and caffeine.
The planned study will be a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed as a continuation and extension of previous research on multi-ingredient supplementation in professional football players. The primary aim will be to investigate the dose-dependent effects of phosphatidylserine combined with taurine and caffeine under standardized football-specific training conditions and acute cognitive-fatigue conditions.
Approximately 80 professional male football players competing at national level will be randomly assigned to four groups: placebo, taurine + caffeine, taurine + caffeine + phosphatidylserine 300 mg, and taurine + caffeine + phosphatidylserine 600 mg. Importantly, caffeine and taurine doses will remain identical across all active supplementation groups in order to enable a more precise evaluation of the independent effects of phosphatidylserine.
Participants will complete a 14-day supplementation protocol and undergo baseline and post-intervention assessments including 30 m sprint performance, reaction time, cognitive-fatigue responses, football-specific GPS monitoring, fatigue-related performance decline, recovery-related variables, sleep monitoring, and autonomic nervous system activity assessment.
The study is expected to provide novel insights into the role of phosphatidylserine in football-specific performance, cognitive fatigue resistance, recovery, and neurophysiological responses in elite football players.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| P | Placebo Comparator | Participants will receive visually identical placebo capsules for 14 days. |
|
| TC | Experimental | Participants will receive taurine (1500 mg/day) and caffeine (200 mg/day) supplementation for 14 days. |
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| TCP-300 | Experimental | Participants will receive taurine (1500 mg/day), caffeine (200 mg/day), and phosphatidylserine (300 mg/day) supplementation for 14 days. |
|
| TCP-600 | Experimental | Participants will receive taurine (1500 mg/day), caffeine (200 mg/day), and phosphatidylserine (600 mg/day) supplementation for 14 days. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Other | Placebo capsules administered daily during the 14-day intervention period |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 30 m sprint time | Time required to complete a 30 m sprint, measured using electronic timing gates. The best result from three maximal sprint trials will be used for analysis. Unit of Measure: seconds | Baseline and after 14 days of supplementation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in sprint count between first and second half | Percentage decline in the number of sprints between the first and second half of the standardized football-specific training session. Sprint change will be calculated as: [(second half value - first half value) / first half value] × 100. Unit of Measure: percent | After 14 days of supplementation, during the standardized football-specific training session |
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Inclusion Criteria:
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
-
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Krzysztof Maciej MIZERA, PhD | 1. Vizja University in Warsaw, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, 01-143 Warsaw, Poland | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Professional Football Training Center | Budapest | Hungary | ||||
| Professional Football Training Center |
Data sharing plans have not yet been finalized.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005221 | Fatigue |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013654 | Taurine |
| D002110 | Caffeine |
| D010718 | Phosphatidylserines |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017738 | Alkanesulfonic Acids |
| D000473 | Alkanes |
| D006839 | Hydrocarbons, Acyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
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Participants will be randomly assigned to parallel study groups receiving either placebo or multi-ingredient supplementation during the intervention period.
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| taurine |
| Dietary Supplement |
Taurine supplementation administered daily during the 14-day intervention period. |
|
| Caffeine | Dietary Supplement | Caffeine supplementation administered daily during the 14-day intervention period. |
|
| Phosphatidylserine | Dietary Supplement | Phosphatidylserine supplementation administered daily during the 14-day intervention period. |
|
| Visual reaction time | Mean response time to a visual stimulus, measured using a validated visual reaction time test. | Baseline and after 14 days of supplementation |
| Auditory reaction time | Mean response time to an auditory stimulus, measured using a computerized auditory reaction time test. | Baseline and after 14 days of supplementation |
| Total distance covered | Total distance covered during the standardized football-specific training session, measured using a 10-Hz GPS tracking system. Unit of Measure: meters | After 14 days of supplementation, during the standardized football-specific training session |
| Relative distance | Distance covered per minute during the standardized football-specific training session, measured using a 10-Hz GPS tracking system. Unit of Measure: meters per minute | After 14 days of supplementation, during the standardized football-specific training session |
| High-speed running distance | Description: Distance covered at running speeds above 19.8 km/h during the standardized football-specific training session, measured using a 10-Hz GPS tracking system. Unit of Measure: meters | After 14 days of supplementation, during the standardized football-specific training session |
| Number of sprints | Total number of sprint efforts performed during the standardized football-specific training session. Sprinting will be defined as running speed above 25.0 km/h and measured using a 10-Hz GPS tracking system. Unit of Measure: number of sprints | After 14 days of supplementation, during the standardized football-specific training session |
| Player Load | External training load during the standardized football-specific training session, measured using triaxial accelerometry integrated with the GPS tracking system. Unit of Measure: arbitrary units | After 14 days of supplementation, during the standardized football-specific training session |
| Heart rate variability RMSSD | Resting heart rate variability assessed in the morning using the root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats. HRV will be measured using a heart rate sensor or wearable device under standardized resting conditions. Unit of Measure: milliseconds | Daily during the 14-day supplementation period |
| Sleep duration | Total sleep duration assessed using wearable sleep monitoring. Unit of Measure: hours | Daily during the 14-day supplementation period |
| Sleep efficiency | Percentage of time in bed spent asleep, assessed using wearable sleep monitoring. Unit of Measure: percent | Daily during the 14-day supplementation period |
| Subjective fatigue | Subjective fatigue assessed using the fatigue item of the Hooper Index questionnaire on a 1-7 scale, where higher values indicate greater fatigue. Unit of Measure: score on a scale | Daily during the 14-day supplementation period |
| Muscle soreness | Perceived lower-limb muscle soreness assessed using a 0-10 delayed onset muscle soreness scale, where higher values indicate greater soreness. Unit of Measure: score on a scale | Daily during the 14-day supplementation period |
| Stroop task reaction time | Mean response time during a modified computerized Stroop task assessing cognitive fatigue, inhibitory control, sustained attention, and information processing speed. Unit of Measure: seconds | Baseline and after 14 days of supplementation |
| Stroop task accuracy | Percentage of correct responses during a modified computerized Stroop task. Unit of Measure: percent | Baseline and after 14 days of supplementation |
| Stroop task error rate | Number of incorrect responses during a modified computerized Stroop task. Unit of Measure: number of errors | Baseline and after 14 days of supplementation |
| Perceived mental fatigue | Subjective perceived mental fatigue assessed using a 0-10 visual analogue scale, where higher values indicate greater perceived mental fatigue. Unit of Measure: score on a 0-10 scale | Baseline and after 14 days of supplementation |
| Lodz |
| Poland |
| Professional Football Training Center | Warsaw | Poland |
| Professional Football Training Center | Wroclaw | Poland |
| Professional Football Training Center | Alicante | Spain |
| D009930 |
| Organic Chemicals |
| D013451 | Sulfonic Acids |
| D013456 | Sulfur Acids |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |
| D014970 | Xanthines |
| D000470 | Alkaloids |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D011688 | Purinones |
| D011687 | Purines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D020404 | Glycerophospholipids |
| D010712 | Phosphatidic Acids |
| D005994 | Glycerophosphates |
| D010743 | Phospholipids |
| D008563 | Membrane Lipids |
| D008055 | Lipids |