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This study investigated the effects of short-term supplementation with taurine, caffeine, and phosphatidylserine on physical and cognitive performance in professional male football players. Eighty-one players were randomly assigned to one of three groups: placebo, taurine plus caffeine, or taurine plus caffeine combined with phosphatidylserine. Supplementation was administered for 10 days, with a final dose taken 60 minutes before a standardized 105-minute football training session.
Primary and secondary outcomes included sprint performance, reaction time, GPS-derived locomotor variables, and technical and tactical performance indicators. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether combined multi-ingredient supplementation could improve performance and attenuate fatigue-related declines under match-like conditions.
This randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind study evaluated the effects of combined supplementation with taurine, caffeine, and phosphatidylserine on physical and cognitive performance in professional male football players.
Eighty-one participants aged 19-32 years were randomly assigned to one of three groups: placebo (lactose), taurine plus caffeine (1500 mg taurine + 200 mg caffeine), or taurine plus caffeine plus phosphatidylserine (1500 mg taurine + 150 mg caffeine + 300 mg phosphatidylserine daily for 10 days). All participants completed a 10-day supplementation period, followed by a standardized 105-minute football training session.
Outcome measures included sprint performance (30 m sprint time), reaction time (visual and auditory), GPS-derived variables (total distance, sprint activity, speed, accelerations, and decelerations), and technical and tactical performance indicators assessed by coaching staff and video analysis.
The study was conducted under controlled environmental conditions and in accordance with standardized training procedures. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc testing. The aim was to determine whether multi-ingredient supplementation could enhance performance and reduce fatigue-related declines in a football-specific setting.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo Comparator | Participants received a placebo (lactose) daily for 10 days. |
|
| Taurine + Caffeine | Experimental | Participants received taurine (1500 mg) and caffeine (200 mg) daily for 10 days. |
|
| Taurine + Caffeine + PS | Experimental | Participants received taurine (1500 mg), caffeine (150 mg), and phosphatidylserine (300 mg) daily for 10 days. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Other | Placebo (lactose) administered daily for 10 days |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 30 m sprint time (seconds) | Time to complete a 30 meter sprint under standardized conditions, expressed in seconds; calculated as the mean of valid trials. | Day 10 (final training session following supplementation) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Reaction time (visual and auditory) | Visual and auditory reaction time measured using standardized computerized reaction time tests (e.g., validated software-based assessment tools), expressed as mean response time in seconds across valid trials. | Day 10 (post-supplementation) |
| Total distance (meters) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sprint time decline (%) | Percentage decline in 30 m sprint time between the first and second halves of the standardized training session, measured using electronic timing gates and expressed as percentage change. | Day 10 (during final training session; comparison between first and second halves) |
| Running speed decline (%) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Krzysztof Maciej MIZERA, PhD | 1. Vizja University in Warsaw, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, 01-143 Warsaw, Poland | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ŁKS Łódź | Lodz | Łódżkie | 94-020 | Poland |
Individual participant data will not be publicly available due to confidentiality restrictions related to professional athletes. Data may be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013654 | Taurine |
| D002110 | Caffeine |
| D010718 | Phosphatidylserines |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017738 | Alkanesulfonic Acids |
| D000473 | Alkanes |
| D006839 | Hydrocarbons, Acyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
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Participants were randomly assigned to one of three parallel groups: placebo, taurine plus caffeine, or taurine plus caffeine combined with phosphatidylserine. Each participant received only one intervention throughout the study.
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Participants were blinded to group allocation. Supplements and placebo were identical in appearance. Investigators were aware of group assignments.
| Taurine and Caffeine |
| Dietary Supplement |
Taurine 1500 mg and caffeine 200 mg administered daily for 10 days |
|
| Taurine, Caffeine, and Phosphatidylserine | Dietary Supplement | Taurine 1500 mg, caffeine 150 mg, and phosphatidylserine 300 mg administered daily for 10 days |
|
Total distance covered during the standardized training session, measured using GPS tracking devices (e.g., 10 Hz GPS units), expressed in meters. |
| Day 10 (during standardized training session) |
| Running speed (m/s) | Mean running speed during the standardized training session, measured using GPS tracking devices (e.g., 10 Hz GPS units), expressed in meters per second. | Day 10 (during standardized training session) |
| Sprint count (number) | Total number of sprint efforts recorded during the standardized training session using GPS tracking devices. | Day 10 (during standardized training session) |
| High-speed running distance (meters) | Distance covered at high-speed running thresholds during the standardized training session, measured using GPS tracking and expressed in meters. | Day 10 (during standardized training session) |
Percentage decline in running speed between the first and second halves of the standardized training session, measured using GPS tracking devices and expressed as percentage change. |
| Day 10 (during final training session; comparison between first and second halves) |
| Passing accuracy (%) | Percentage of successful passes during the standardized training session, assessed using video-based performance analysis and expressed as a percentage. | Day 10 (during standardized training session) |
| Dribbling success (%) | Percentage of successful dribbling attempts during the standardized training session, assessed using video-based performance analysis and expressed as a percentage. | Day 10 (during standardized training session) |
| Ball recoveries (number) | Total number of ball recoveries performed during the standardized training session, assessed using video-based performance analysis and expressed as a count. | Day 10 (during standardized training session) |
| Tactical performance score (units) | Coach-rated tactical performance during the standardized training session, including positioning, decision-making, and support play, assessed using a standardized rating scale and expressed in standardized score units. | Day 10 (during standardized training session) |
| D009930 |
| Organic Chemicals |
| D013451 | Sulfonic Acids |
| D013456 | Sulfur Acids |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |
| D014970 | Xanthines |
| D000470 | Alkaloids |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D011688 | Purinones |
| D011687 | Purines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D020404 | Glycerophospholipids |
| D010712 | Phosphatidic Acids |
| D005994 | Glycerophosphates |
| D010743 | Phospholipids |
| D008563 | Membrane Lipids |
| D008055 | Lipids |