This study is titled "Metabolomics and Biomarker Research on the Mechanism of Preoperative Sleep Disorders Affecting Postoperative Outcomes in Adult Cardiac Surgery". It aims to clarify the perioperative metabolic changes caused by preoperative sleep disorders in adult cardiac surgery patients, providing ideas for exploring the mechanism by which sleep disorders affect adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery. The study will be conducted at Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. By collecting perioperative blood and fecal samples from adult cardiac surgery patients with and without preoperative sleep disorders, and simultaneously recording postoperative clinical outcome indicators (such as the incidence of delirium within 7 days after surgery, cognitive function scores, mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay time, hospital stay time, and severe cardiovascular adverse events), the study will explore the impact of preoperative sleep disorders on perioperative plasma metabolic substances, inflammatory levels, nerve damage, oxidative stress levels, and intestinal flora in adult cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia, providing ideas and evidence for exploring the mechanism by which preoperative sleep disorders affect postoperative outcomes in adult cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥ 18 years
2. Scheduled for elective cardiac surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Has a history of neurosurgery, or has suffered from neurological diseases such as cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, delirium, dementia, etc.
2. Has a history of mental disorders.
3. Heavy alcohol consumption.
4. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification level IV or above.
5. Complicated with severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh C grade) or renal dysfunction (chronic kidney disease stage 3-4).
6. Unable to communicate due to hearing or language problems, or refuses to sign the informed consent form.

Adult patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery