The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different salt concentrations (tonicity) in the coupling fluid used during Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL). The study compares three types of coupling fluids: hypotonic (degassed water), isotonic (0.9% NaCl), and hypertonic (3% NaCl) solutions. Researchers aim to determine which solution provides the best stone fragmentation success while minimizing procedure-related pain and skin complications.

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients with kidney stones measuring 5-20 mm.

Patients scheduled for ESWL treatment.

Age 18 and older

Exclusion Criteria:

Pregnancy.

Uncorrected bleeding disorders.

Active urinary tract infection.

Anatomical abnormalities preventing ESWL.

De-identified individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the article, including demographic characteristics (age, sex), stone characteristics (size, location), pain scores (Visual Analog Scale), and stone fragmentation success rates.

The data will be available beginning 6 months and ending 36 months following article publication.

Data will be shared with qualified researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal to achieve the aims in the approved proposal. Proposals should be directed to the corresponding author's email. To gain access, data requestors will need to sign a data access agreement.