Effects of CE on the Risk of Arteriosclerosis in SED Postmenopausal Women

Effects of Combined Exercise on the Risk of Arteriosclerosis in Sedentary Postmenopausal Women

This study investigated the effects of three exercise modalities: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and combined exercise on the risk of arteriosclerosis in sedentary postmenopausal women.

This study aims to compare the effects of different kinds of exercise on the risk of arteriosclerosis in sedentary postmenopausal women. Participants were recruited and randomly assigned to aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, combined exercise or control group. The intervention lasted for 12 weeks. Endothelial function indicators, chronic inflammation indicators, arteriosclerosis related indicators, blood pressure indicators were assessed before and after the intervention.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants have been postmenopausal for more than 12 months and have not received any exogenous estrogen supplementation after menopause.
• Participants were screened using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-S), with a physical activity level classified as "low." They must not have engaged in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 3 days per week, with a duration of no less than 30 minutes per day, for over 3 consecutive months.
• Participants were screened using the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire+ (PAR-Q+) and be deemed safe to undergo further intervention.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants with acute or chronic musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or similar conditions.
• Participants with abnormal blood pressure: resting systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg, or those taking antihypertensive medications.
• Participants with abnormally high arterial stiffness (within pathological range): brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) >1800 cm/s.
• Participants recently taken medications that may affect blood indicators, such as hormones or anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Participants with unstable body weight in the past 3 months (fluctuation greater than ±2.5 kg).
• Participants currently participating in other intervention studies or those with regular exercise habits in daily life.
• Participants who smoke or consume alcohol regularly.