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This cross-sectional study evaluates the impact of systemic risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, smoking, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis, on peri-implant health status and clinical indices. The study included 93 patients with a total of 314 implants that have been in function for at least three years. The primary goal is to determine how these systemic conditions influence the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.
Clinical parameters, including Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PI), and Probing Depth (PD), were measured using a standard periodontal probe. Radiographic assessments were performed to evaluate bone loss in accordance with European Periodontology Workshop guidelines. Peri-implant health status was categorized into three groups: healthy, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. Data analysis was conducted using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests to examine the associations between systemic factors and peri-implant tissues.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking Group | Patients who are current smokers or use tobacco products |
| |
| Diabetes Mellitus Group | Patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus |
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| Cardiovascular Disease Group | Patients with a history of cardiovascular diseases |
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| Osteoporosis Group | Patients diagnosed with osteoporosis |
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| Systemically Healthy Group | Individuals with no systemic diseases and no history of smoking |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical and Radiographic Periodontal Assessment | Other | Clinical parameters (Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Probing Depth) and radiographic assessments were performed for each patient to determine peri-implant health status |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of Peri-implant Diseases | Distribution of dental implants categorized into three status groups: healthy, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis based on clinical and radiographic criteria | Minimum 3 years post-loading veya At clinical assessment, at least 3 years after implant loading |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Gingival Index (GI) | Assessment of Gingival Index (GI) to evaluate the inflammatory status of peri-implant tissues. | At least 3 years after implant loading |
| Plaque Index (PI) | Assessment of Plaque Index (PI) to evaluate the plaque accumulation around peri-implant tissues. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The study population consists of patients who visited the Department of Periodontology at Inonu University Faculty of Dentistry. The sample includes systemically healthy individuals and patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, or osteoporosis, as well as current smokers.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inonu University Faculty of Dentistry | Battalgazi | Malatya | 44300 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
The de-identified individual participant data (IPD) that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request
Data will be available beginning 6 months and ending 36 months following publication
Requests for data should be directed to the corresponding author via email. To gain access, data requestors will need to provide a methodologically sound proposal
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D057873 | Peri-Implantitis |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D012907 | Smoking |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D010024 | Osteoporosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
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| At least 3 years after implant loading. |
| Probing Depth (PD) | Assessment of Probing Depth (PD) to evaluate the pocket depth around peri-implant tissues. | At least 3 years after implant loading. |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D001851 | Bone Diseases, Metabolic |
| D001847 | Bone Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |