The Effect of Systemic Factors on Peri-implant Health Status and Clinical Indices

The Effect of Systemic Factors on Peri-implant Health Status and Clinical Indices: A Cross-sectional Study

This cross-sectional study evaluates the impact of systemic risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, smoking, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis, on peri-implant health status and clinical indices. The study included 93 patients with a total of 314 implants that have been in function for at least three years. The primary goal is to determine how these systemic conditions influence the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.

Clinical parameters, including Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PI), and Probing Depth (PD), were measured using a standard periodontal probe. Radiographic assessments were performed to evaluate bone loss in accordance with European Periodontology Workshop guidelines. Peri-implant health status was categorized into three groups: healthy, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. Data analysis was conducted using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests to examine the associations between systemic factors and peri-implant tissues.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with at least one dental implant in function for at least three years.
• Patients aged between 27 and 72 years.
• Availability of complete clinical and radiographic records.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Implants in function for less than 3 years.
• Pregnancy or lactation.
• History of radiation therapy in the head and neck region