To determine if a short interpregnancy interval following a prior cesarean delivery is associated with an increased risk of intraoperative maternal morbidity (e.g., hemorrhage, visceral injury, prolonged surgery) during the next cesarean delivery.

Inclusion Criteria:

Pregnant women with history of one previous cesarean delivery Women admmitted for delivery by cesarean delivery during the study period Singleton pregnancy

Exclusion Criteria:

uterine malformation coagulation abnormalities, hypertension or diabetes before pregnancy, immune-related diseases, and chronic hepatic, renal orcardiac diseases Twin or multiple pregnancies Miscarriage before 28 weeks of gestation; Current placental previa or accrete and risk of PPH patients with medical morbid condition like diabetes, preeclampsia, hypertension, cardiac, renal diseases or patients having obstetrical conditions

Maternal characteristics to be collected will include: Maternal age, Educational level, Marital status, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Pre-pregnancy hypertension , Gestational hypertension, body mass index at delivery (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).