The goal of this observational study is to determine the best time interval between consecutive cesarean sections and compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with a history of previous cesarean sections. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• What is the optimal time interval between consecutive cesarean sections for minimizing maternal intraoperative complications, blood transfusions, and intra- and postoperative bleeding?
• What are the differences in fetal and neonatal outcomes based on different time intervals between cesarean sections?

Participants will be divided into five subgroups based on the time interval since their last cesarean section: 0-12 months, 12-24 months, 25-36 months, 37-48 months, and more than 48 months. Each participant will undergo an elective cesarean section and provide data on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Researchers will compare these subgroups to see if varying time intervals between consecutive cesarean sections affect maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age between 20-42 years.
• Full-term pregnant women more than 37 weeks gestation.
• Women with a history of at least one previous cesarean section, planning an elective repeated cesarean section.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Women with contraindications to cesarean section
• Those with emergency indications
• Multiple pregnancies
• Pre-existing maternal or fetal conditions affecting outcomes.

Female participants who have undergone previous Cesarean section(s) and are scheduled for elective Cesarean section(s) as part of the study.

The study population consists of 200 women who have undergone previous Cesarean sections and are scheduled for elective Cesarean sections. Participants are categorized into five groups based on the time interval since their last Cesarean section: Less than 18 months, 18-24 months, 25-36 months, 37-48 months, and more than 48 months. This study aims to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes across these different interval groups to determine the optimal interval between consecutive Cesarean sections for improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

Individual Participant Data (IPD) from this study will be shared to facilitate transparency and further research. This includes anonymized data related to maternal and neonatal outcomes, as well as demographic and clinical variables collected during the study.

IPD will be made available after completion of the primary analysis and publication of the study results. Data sharing will commence within 6 months of publication and remain accessible for a minimum of 5 years to allow for secondary analyses and replication studies.

Researchers interested in accessing IPD must submit a formal request detailing their research objectives, proposed analyses, and ethical approval from their institution's review board. Access will be granted based on the scientific merit of the proposed study and its alignment with the original research aims. Requests should be sent to the corresponding author.