In recent decades, the percentage of Cesarean section deliveries has dramatically increased in most countries. Concomitantly, the rates of vaginal birth after Cesarean have decreased steadily.

The pregnant women with previous Cesarean section face a difficult choice for their next delivery between a trial of labor after Cesarean or repeat caesarean section delivery.

The performance of multiple Cesarean section exposes women to greater risks of complications; furthermore, the risk of complications increases with each subsequent Cesarean section.

In fact, women with previous Cesarean section are more likely to experience short and long-term maternal complications in future pregnancies, or a trial of labor after Cesarean, with the risk of [uterine dehiscence, uterine rupture, genitourinary tract damage, hemorrhage and hysterectomy, abnormal placentation (placenta previa and placenta accreta) and difficulties during surgery](streamdown:incomplete-link)

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant full-term 37-42 weeks.
2. Previous one caesarean section

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Absolute indication of cesarean section in previous and in current pregnancy
2. Pregnant women with Hemoglobin <9
3. Pregnant women with bleeding tendency
4. Pregnant women with collagen disease
5. Pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
6. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes
7. Multiple pregnancy

Study sample will be collected from Women's Health Hospital of Assiut University and Assuit Health Insurance Hospital