To assess the incidence of cesarean scar niche and its risk factors in a prospectively collected population.

It will be carried out in Gynecology and Obstetrics department in Beni-Suef University Hospital using Ultrasound:

Six months after the cesarean delivery, participants will be invited to the gynecologic outpatient clinic or department for ultrasound (US) examination to detect the presence of the niche.

Women without contraception will be examined during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle to avoid an eventual early pregnancy. Otherwise, a random phase of the menstrual cycle will be accepted. Women who are pregnant at the time of US will be excluded. Women will be examined in the lithotomy position with an empty bladder. The uterus will be examined in a standardized way, with trans-vaginal US performed first.

For the diagnosis of cesarean scar niche (defined as an anechoic defect in the anterior wall of the lower uterine segment, communicating with the endometrial cavity),we will use a predetermined definition of a defect at least 2.0 mm deep

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Delivery by cesarean section.
2. More than 6 months after delivery.
3. Cesarean section by senior resident or assistant lecturer.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Single layer technique in uterine closure.
2. Uterine anomaly.

The study population will include women recruited from the outpatient obstetrics clinic or emergency room after proper counseling.