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This study aims to compare the effects of aquatic and land-based Mulligan mobilization with movement in individuals with knee osteoarthritis, with particular focus on their impact on pain and functional outcomes.
This study aims to compare the effects of aquatic and land-based Mulligan mobilization with movement in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Specifically, it will examine and compare the impact of both intervention approaches on pain intensity and functional ability. By evaluating these outcomes, the study seeks to determine whether the aquatic environment offers additional therapeutic benefits over land-based treatment, thereby contributing to improved functional performance and overall quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aquatic Mobilization with Movement | Experimental | Mulligan Mobilization with Movement will be administered in the aquatic environment using a belt, following identification of the most pain-free glide in addition to stretches and strengthening of lower limb. The technique will be performed for 10 repetitions over 3 sets and will be progressively advanced from non-weight-bearing mobilization to mobilization with overpressure, and subsequently to weight-bearing mobilization as tolerated by the patient. |
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| Land Mobilization with Movement | Other | Mulligan Mobilization with Movement will be administered on land using a belt, following identification of the most pain-free glide, in addition to stretches and strengthening of the lower limb. The technique will be performed for 10 repetitions over 3 sets and will be progressively advanced from non-weight-bearing mobilization to mobilization with overpressure, and subsequently to weight-bearing mobilization as tolerated by the patient. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aquatic Mobilization with Movement | Other | This intervention group will receive treatment for four weeks inside the pool, in addition to the conventional knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation protocol. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a straightforward and reliable method for evaluating pain on a continuous visual range.The extreme limits of pain are represented by the straight line's ends, where 0 indicates no pain, and 10 indicates the worst pain a person has ever felt. | 4 weeks |
| Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) | It is used to assess activities of daily living, functional mobility, gait, general health, and quality of life. It has 24 items divided into 3 subscales: pain (5 items), stiffness (2 items), and physical function (17 items). The scores range from 0 to 4 for each subscale. The score ranges from 0 to 96, where zero indicates no pain, stiffness, and functional limitation. Higher scores indicate worse pain, stiffness, and functional limitation. | 4 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Range of Motion of Knee | A Goniometer is used to measure active and passive range of motion for knee flexion and extension while the patient is lying on their back. | 4 weeks |
| Time Up and Go (TUG) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suman Sheraz, PhD | Contact | 03335646361 | 03335646361 | suman.sheraz@riphah.edu.pk |
| Imran Amjad, PhD | Contact | 03324390125 | 03324390125 | imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Suman Sheraz, PhD | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahria Active | Rawalpindi | Pakistan |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020370 | Osteoarthritis, Knee |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010003 | Osteoarthritis |
| D001168 | Arthritis |
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009068 | Movement |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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| Land Mobilization with Movement | Other | This intervention group will receive treatment for four weeks on land, in addition to the conventional knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation protocol. |
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The Timed Up and Go test is a widely used measure of functional mobility in patients. Two trials are performed, with the fastest time recorded to the nearest 0.1 second. A shorter time indicates better functional performance.
| 4 weeks |
| Intrinsic Motivational Inventory (IMI) | It is a multidimensional scale used to measure intrinsic motivation for personalized fitness program. The subscales of Interest/Enjoyment (IENJ), Perceived Competence (COMP), Effort/Importance (EIMP), and Tension/Pressure (TENP) will be used for the study. Each item will be rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 7. Higher scores of interest/enjoyment, perceived competence, effort/importance indicate better outcomes, while worse outcomes are indicated by increased scores or tension/pressure. | 4 weeks |
| D012216 |
| Rheumatic Diseases |