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The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a 12-week Baduanjin exercise program can improve health in sedentary young and middle-aged adults. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Researchers will compare the Baduanjin training group to a health education control group to see if Baduanjin is more effective in improving these health outcomes.
Participants will:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baduanjin Training Group | Experimental | Participants in this group will receive a 12-week Baduanjin exercise program. The program consists of supervised group sessions combined with home-based practice, with a frequency of 5 sessions per week. Each session lasts 60 minutes, including warm-up, standardized Baduanjin practice, and cool-down. The Baduanjin exercises follow a standardized protocol. |
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| Health Education Control Group | Other | Participants in this group will receive general health education, which includes recommendations on physical activity types and duration (e.g., following the WHO guidelines). However, they will not be enrolled in any structured, supervised exercise program. They will be instructed to maintain their usual lifestyle throughout the study period. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baduanjin exercise | Behavioral | A 12-week, standardized Baduanjin exercise program. Participants will complete 5 sessions per week, each lasting 60 minutes (including warm-up, Baduanjin practice, and cool-down). The program includes both supervised group sessions and guided home practice. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Peak Oxygen Uptake (VO₂peak) assessed by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing | Measured by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET). | at baseline and Week 13. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Sit-and-Reach Distance | Assessed by the standard sit-and-reach test. | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13. |
| Change in Active Range of Motion of the Shoulder, Hip, Knee, and Ankle joints assessed by Goniometry |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jingyi Ren, M.D., Chief Physician | Contact | 18600195099 | renjingyi@cjfh.org.cn |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D057185 | Sedentary Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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|
| General Health Education | Other | Participants will receive general health education (including recommendations on physical activity types and duration), but will not be enrolled in any structured or supervised exercise program. They will be instructed to maintain their usual lifestyle. |
|
Measured using a goniometer
| at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13. |
| Change in Time Spent in Sedentary Behavior assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) | at baseline and Week 13. |
| Scores on the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS) | The scale consists of two subscales: the Exercise Benefits Subscale (29 items) and the Exercise Barriers Subscale (14 items). The total score ranges from 43 to 172, with a higher score indicating a more positive perception towards exercise. | at baseline and Week 13 |
| Change in Knee Extension Peak Torque assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | Maximum torque generated during knee extension | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13. |
| Change in Knee Extension Total Work assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | Total work performed during repeated maximal knee extension contractions. | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13. |
| Change in Knee Extension Average Power assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13. |
| Change in Knee Extension Fatigue Index assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13. |
| Change in Knee Flexion Peak Torque assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | Maximum torque generated during Knee Flexion measured at a preset angular velocity | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Knee Flexion Total Work assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | Total work performed during repeated maximal Knee Flexion contractions | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Knee Flexion Average Power assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Knee Flexion Fatigue Index assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Shoulder Flexion Peak Torque assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | Maximum torque generated during Shoulder Flexion, measured at a preset angular velocity. | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Shoulder Flexion Total Work assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | Total work performed during repeated maximal Shoulder Flexion contractions | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Shoulder Flexion Average Power assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Shoulder Flexion Fatigue Index assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Shoulder Abduction Peak Torque assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | Maximum torque generated during Shoulder Abduction , measured at a preset angular velocity | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Shoulder Abduction Total Work assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | Total work performed during repeated maximal Shoulder Abduction contractions | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Shoulder Abduction Average Power assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Shoulder Abduction Fatigue Index assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Elbow Extension Peak Torque assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | Maximum torque generated during Elbow Extension, measured at a preset angular velocity | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Elbow Extension Total Work assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | Total work performed during repeated maximal Elbow Extension contractions | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Elbow Extension Average Power assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Elbow Extension Fatigue Index assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Elbow Flexion Peak Torque assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | Maximum torque generated during Elbow Flexion, measured at a preset angular velocity | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Elbow Flexion Total Work assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | Total work performed during repeated maximal Elbow Flexion contractions | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Elbow Flexion Average Power assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Elbow Flexion Fatigue Index assessed by Isokinetic Dynamometry | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13 |
| Change in Rhythmic Weight Shift (RWS) Score assessed by Computerized Dynamic Posturography | Measured using a computerized dynamic posturography system. | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13. |
| Change in Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB) Score assessed by Computerized Dynamic Posturography | Measured using a computerized dynamic posturography system. | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13. |
| Change in Sensory Organization Test (SOT) Composite Score assessed by Computerized Dynamic Posturography | Measured using a computerized dynamic posturography system. | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13. |
| Change in Motor Control Test (MCT) Latency assessed by Computerized Dynamic Posturography | Measured using a computerized dynamic posturography system. | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13. |
| Change in Limits of Stability (LOS) Score assessed by Computerized Dynamic Posturography | Measured using a computerized dynamic posturography system. | at baseline, Week 8, and Week 13. |
| Change in Muscle Mass assessed by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis | at baseline and Week 13. |
| Change in Body Fat Percentage assessed by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis | at baseline and Week 13. |
| Change in Fat-Free Mass assessed by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis | at baseline and Week 13. |
| Change in Waist-to-Hip Ratio | Ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference | at baseline and Week 13. |
| Change in Center of Mass Sway Amplitude during Baduanjin Exercise assessed by 3D Motion Capture | Magnitude of anteroposterior and mediolateral displacement of the body's center of mass during static postures of Baduanjin, analyzed using a markerless 3D motion capture system | at baseline and Week 13 |
| Change in Joint Range of Motion during Baduanjin Exercise assessed by 3D Motion Capture | Angular displacement of primary joints during the performance of Baduanjin movements, analyzed using a markerless 3D motion capture system. | at baseline and Week 13 |
| Change in Center of Mass Height during Baduanjin Exercise assessed by 3D Motion Capture | at baseline and Week 13 |
| Change in Integrated Electromyography (iEMG) during Baduanjin Exercise assessed by Surface Electromyography | at baseline and Week 13 |
| Change in Root Mean Square (RMS) Amplitude during Baduanjin Exercise assessed by Surface Electromyography | at baseline and Week 13 |
| Change in Glycemic Control Biomarkers | Fasting venous blood samples will be analyzed for indicators of glucose metabolism, such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting insulin. | at baseline and Week 13. |
| Change in Lipid Profile | Fasting venous blood samples will be analyzed for indicators of lipid metabolism, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). | at baseline and Week 13. |
| Change in Inflammatory and Neurotrophic Biomarkers | Fasting venous blood samples will be analyzed for inflammatory markers (e.g., high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). | at baseline and Week 13. |
| Percentage of Prescribed Baduanjin Sessions Completed | Through study completion, up to Week 13. |
| Baduanjin Movement Quality Score assessed by Blinded Expert Review (100-point scale) | Score assessed by blinded experts using a standardized 100-point scoring rubric. Scores range from 0 to 100, with a higher score indicating better movement quality. | at Week 13 |