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Skin rejuvenation is an effort to improve skin condition from the signs of skin aging. Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, leading to changes in the epidermis and dermis, including decreased collagen characterized by dermal thinning, as well as alterations in skin appearance such as laxity and wrinkles. Laser therapy is one of the treatment modalities for skin rejuvenation, aiming to induce neocollagenesis and collagen remodeling, resulting in dermal thickening and improvement in skin appearance. Fractional COâ‚‚ laser is an ablative laser considered the gold standard therapy for skin rejuvenation, whereas Long Pulsed (LP) Nd:YAG 1064 nm is a nonablative laser that is also used for skin rejuvenation. To date, there have been no studies evaluating the comparative effectiveness between fractional COâ‚‚ laser and LP Nd:YAG 1064 nm for skin rejuvenation. Therefore, research comparing the effectiveness of fractional COâ‚‚ laser and LP Nd:YAG 1064 nm for skin rejuvenation is needed, assessed based on dermal thickness, skin elasticity, wrinkles, and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale scores.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm 1 | Experimental | In this split-face study, each participant received fractional COâ‚‚ laser treatment on one side of the face. The treated side was randomly assigned. The procedure was performed three times at one-month intervals. |
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| Arm 2 | Active Comparator | In the same participants, the contralateral side of the face received long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser treatment. The side allocation was randomized. The procedure was performed three times at one-month intervals. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fractional COâ‚‚ laser | Procedure | Fractional COâ‚‚ laser was applied to one randomized side of the face in a split-face design for skin rejuvenation. Treatments were performed three times at one-month intervals. The laser delivers fractional ablative microthermal zones to stimulate dermal remodeling and collagen production. Treatment parameters were adjusted according to skin type and clinical indication. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Dermal Thickness | Dermal thickness was assessed based on the two-dimensional area of the hyperechoic band that appears brighter than the epidermis on ultrasonography assessment. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 20 weeks |
| Skin Elasticity | Skin elasticity was defined as the ability of the skin to return to its original shape after deformation caused by mechanical traction. It was measured using a skin elasticity meter, and the R (recovery) value was assessed at 8 evaluation points on the face. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 20 weeks |
| Wrinkles | Lines or folds formed on the skin surface as a result of mechanical stress, skin dehydration, or repetitive muscular activity, and were evaluated using a facial skin analyzer | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 20 weeks |
| Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale Scores | A 5-point rating scale (1-5) used to measure the degree of aesthetic improvement in patients following a procedure. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 20 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahmad R Ganiem, M.D., Ph.D | Contact | +62 878 2288 3773 | rizalbdg@gmail.com | |
| Kartika Ruchiatan, M.D. | Contact | +62 811 247932 | kartika.ruchiatan@unpad.ac.id |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kartika Ruchiatan, M.D. | Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hasan Sadikin General Hospital | Recruiting | Bandung | West Java | 40161 | Indonesia |
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| Long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser | Procedure | Long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser was applied to the contralateral randomized side of the face in a split-face design for skin rejuvenation. Treatments were performed three times at one-month intervals. The laser delivers non-ablative dermal heating to stimulate collagen remodeling and improve skin texture and elasticity. |
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