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This is a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial conducted at Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of two non-invasive treatment options-1064-nm fractional picosecond laser and intense pulsed light (IPL)-for facial rejuvenation. A total of 38 participants seeking cosmetic improvement were randomly assigned to receive three sessions of either picosecond laser or IPL treatment at 4-6 week intervals.
Each participant was monitored throughout the treatment period and at one month after the final session. The study assessed improvements in skin texture, pigmentation, and wrinkles, as well as treatment-related side effects. All participants provided informed consent and received standardized post-treatment care instructions, including moisturization and sun protection. The results of this study may help guide non-surgical treatment options for skin aging.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Picosecond Laser Group | Experimental |
| |
| Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Group | Experimental |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1064-nm Fractional Picosecond Laser (PicoWay) | Device | Intervention Name: 1064-nm Fractional Picosecond Laser (PicoWay) Participants in this group received full-face treatments using a PicoWay® laser system (Candela, Wayland, MA, USA) equipped with a 1064-nm RESOLVE fractional handpiece. Treatment parameters included a 6 mm spot size, 6 Hz repetition rate, 450 ps pulse duration, and energy settings ranging from 1.5 to 2.3 mJ per microbeam. Each session consisted of 2-3 passes (approximately 2000-4000 pulses), adjusted based on individual response. Three sessions were delivered at 4-6-week intervals. Cold compresses were applied for 20 minutes immediately post-treatment. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blinded GSP (Global Score for Photoaging) assessment by two dermatologists | Global skin photoaging score assessed by blinded dermatologists using the Global Skin Photoaging (GSP) Scale. Scale range: 0-4, where higher scores indicate more severe photoaging. | 1 month after third treatment (approximately 12-16 weeks after baseline) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blinded GSP scoring | Global skin photoaging score assessed by blinded dermatologists using the Global Skin Photoaging (GSP) Scale. Scale range: 0-4, where higher scores indicate more severe photoaging. The scoring criteria are defined as follows: 0: Smooth skin without visible wrinkles or pigmentary heterogeneity in cheeks, forehead, or perioral regions
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Inclusion Criteria:
（1）Individuals aged 30-60 years with a GSP score of 1-4;（2）Fitzpatrick skin phototypes III-IV;（3）Written informed consent obtained.
Exclusion Criteria:
（1）Pregnant or lactating women;（2）Patients with severe systemic diseases;（3）Individuals with coagulation dysfunction;（4）Patients with mental disorders;（5）Photosensitive individuals;（6）Individuals with infections at the treatment site;（7）Individuals who have used photosensitive drugs within 4 weeks;（8）Individuals who have received other cosmetic treatments such as laser, intense pulsed light (IPL), radiofrequency, chemical peels (e.g., glycolic acid), fillers, etc., within 6 months;（9）Individuals with a personal or family history of keloids;（10）Individuals with a personal or family history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma or melanoma;（11）Individuals with a personal or family history of vitiligo;（12）Individuals with a history of intense sun exposure or ultraviolet (UV) radiation within 1 month.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Huashan Hospital, Fudan University | Shanghai | Shanghai Municipality | 200040 | China |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41485124 | Derived | Zhang J, Wu C, Liu Y, Yan F, Chen Q, Zhu Y, Xiang LF, Ren J. Comparative Study of a 1064 nm Fractional Picosecond Laser Versus Intense Pulsed Light in Facial Rejuvenation: A Prospective Randomized Trial. Lasers Surg Med. 2026 Mar;58(3):184-193. doi: 10.1002/lsm.70094. Epub 2026 Jan 4. |
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Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because this single-center study does not have a formal data sharing infrastructure, and participants did not provide consent for public data sharing. Aggregated results may be reported in publications or upon reasonable request.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D062325 | Intense Pulsed Light Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010789 | Phototherapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a 1064-nm fractional picosecond laser treatment or an intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment. Each group received three treatment sessions at 4-6 week intervals.
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| Intense Pulsed Light Therapy (M22 IPL System) | Device | Intervention Name: Intense Pulsed Light Therapy (M22 IPL System) Intervention Description: Participants in this group underwent full-face treatments using an M22® IPL system (Lumenis, Yokneam, Israel) with a 560 nm cutoff filter. Treatment parameters included a pulse duration of 3.5-4 ms, pulse delay of 25-30 ms, and fluence of 12-18 J/cm², adjusted based on individual response. Each treatment involved approximately 40-60 pulses. Three sessions were performed at 4-6-week intervals. A layer of medical ultrasound gel was applied before treatment and maintained for 15-20 minutes post-treatment. |
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| baseline (before first treatment), before second treatment (approximately 4-6 weeks after baseline), before third treatment (approximately 8-12 weeks after baseline) |
| Regional Fine Line and Dyschromia Grading by Dermatologists | Fine lines graded on the Modified Fine Line Improvement Scale (-1 to 4: -1=worsening, 0=no change, 1=1-25% improvement, 2=25-50%, 3=50-75%, 4=75-100%; higher scores = greater improvement). Dyschromia graded on the Modified Dyschromia Improvement Scale (-1 to 4: -1=increased severity, 0=no change, 1=1-25% reduction, 2=25-50% reduction, 3=50-75% reduction, 4=75-99% reduction; higher scores = greater improvement). | before second treatment (approximately 4-6 weeks after baseline), before third treatment (approximately 8-12 weeks after baseline), and 1 month after third treatment (approximately 12-16 weeks after baseline) |
| Quantitative Assessment of Skin Roughness Using C-Cube Imaging System | Skin surface roughness will be objectively quantified using the C-Cube high-resolution imaging system (Pixience, Toulouse, France). Standardized images will be captured from predefined facial regions (e.g., cheek or forehead) under consistent lighting and positioning conditions. Roughness values will be automatically calculated by the system's built-in analysis software. Measurements will be performed at baseline, second, third, and fourth follow-up visits to monitor treatment-induced changes. | baseline (before first treatment), before second treatment (~4-6 weeks after baseline), before third treatment (~8-12 weeks), and 1 month after third treatment (~12-16 weeks) |
| Quantitative Skin Pigmentation and Erythema Assessment Using SkinColorCatch | Objective colorimetric measurements will be performed using the Delfin SkinColorCatch® device to quantify skin pigmentation and erythema in predefined facial regions. The following parameters will be recorded at each time point: Melanin Index (MI), L* value (lightness), and Erythema Index (EI). Measurements will be obtained under standardized ambient lighting and positioning conditions at baseline, second, third, and fourth follow-up visits. | baseline (before first treatment), before second treatment (~4-6 weeks after baseline), before third treatment (~8-12 weeks), and 1 month after third treatment (~12-16 weeks) |
| Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) Measurement Using Delfin Vapometer | Skin barrier function will be assessed by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) using the Delfin Vapometer® device. Measurements will be taken at standardized facial sites under controlled environmental conditions (temperature and humidity) following device guidelines. TEWL values will be recorded at baseline and at the second, third, and fourth follow-up visits to evaluate changes in skin barrier integrity over the treatment course. | baseline (before first treatment), before second treatment (~4-6 weeks after baseline), before third treatment (~8-12 weeks), and 1 month after third treatment (~12-16 weeks) |
| Standardized VISIA Photographic Documentation | Standardized facial photographs will be captured using the VISIA Complexion Analysis System (Canfield Scientific, USA) at each time point to document changes in skin appearance. The system will provide consistent image capture under controlled lighting and positioning conditions. VISIA documentation will support visual assessment of treatment-related changes in texture, pores, pigmentation, and overall skin condition. Images will be used for qualitative reference and supplemental analysis by blinded evaluators. | baseline (before first treatment), before second treatment (~4-6 weeks after baseline), before third treatment (~8-12 weeks), and 1 month after third treatment (~12-16 weeks) |
| Incidence of Adverse Events | Adverse events (AEs) including erythema, edema, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, burning sensation, pain, and scarring will be recorded following each treatment session and at each follow-up visit. | before second treatment (~4-6 weeks after baseline), before third treatment (~8-12 weeks), and 1 month after third treatment (~12-16 weeks) |