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The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of including water as a beverage at a meal on food intake, and if the influence of water consumption on food consumption is moderated by switching behavior. Additionally, other individual characteristics will be examined for their influence on the effects of simultaneous variety and portion size on meal intake.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| No Water, Low Moisture | Experimental | No water served with the meal, the food will be low in moisture |
|
| No Water, High Moisture | Experimental | No water served with the meal, the food will be high in moisture |
|
| Water, Low Moisture | Experimental | Water will be served with the meal, the food will be low in moisture |
|
| Water, High Moisture | Experimental | Water will be served with the meal, the food will be high in moisture |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No water | Other | No water will be served with the meal |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in food intake | Weight (grams) of the food consumed | Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in energy intake | Energy (kcal) of the food consumed | Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in water intake | Weight (grams) of water consumed | Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in meal duration | Duration of the meal in minutes |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paige M Cunningham, PhD | Contact | 607-255-2650 | pmc242@cornell.edu |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cornell University | Recruiting | Ithaca | New York | 14850 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001522 | Behavior, Animal |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014867 | Water |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006878 | Hydroxides |
| D000468 | Alkalies |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D000838 | Anions |
| D007477 |
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| Water | Other | Water will be served with the meal |
|
| Low Moisture | Other | A low moisture food will be served |
|
| High moisture | Other | A high moisture food will be served |
|
| Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in eating rate | Mean food intake per minute (grams/minute), calculated by dividing meal food intake by meal duration | Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in bite count | The number of bites of food during the meal | Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in sip count | The number of sips of water during the meal | Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in switching between bites and sips | The number of switches between bites and sips during the meal | Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in rating of pleasantness of the taste of food samples | Measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale ranging from not at all pleasant (0 mm) to extremely pleasant (100 mm). This will be used to calculate Sensory-Specific Satiety | From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in rating of desire to eat food samples | Measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale ranging from not at all strong (0 mm) to extremely strong (100 mm), in answer to "How strong is your desire to eat [this food] right now?". This will be used to calculate Sensory-Specific Satiety. | From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in rating of hunger | Measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale ranging from not at all hungry (0 mm) to extremely hungry (100 mm) | From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in rating of thirst | Measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale ranging from not at all thirsty (0 mm) to extremely thirsty (100 mm) | From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in rating of nausea | Measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale ranging from not at all nauseated (0 mm) to extremely nauseated (100 mm) | From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in rating of fullness | Measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale ranging from not at all full (0 mm) to extremely full (100 mm) | From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in rating of prospective consumption | Measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale ranging from nothing at all (0 mm) to a large amount (100 mm), in answer to "How much food do you think you could eat right now?". | From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Ions |
| D004573 | Electrolytes |
| D010087 | Oxides |
| D017601 | Oxygen Compounds |