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The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the influence independent fn combined influence of variety and energy density on food intake at a meal. Additionally, individual characteristics will be examined for their influence on the effects of variety and energy density on intake.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low variety, Low ED | Experimental | One low energy dense food served |
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| Low variety, High ED | Experimental | One high energy dense foods served |
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| High variety, Low ED | Experimental | Three low energy dense foods served |
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| High variety, High ED | Experimental | Three high energy dense foods served |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low Variety | Other | Only one food served |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in food intake | Weight (grams) of the food consumed | Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in energy intake | Energy (kcal) of the food consumed | Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in water intake | Weight (grams) of water consumed | Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in meal duration | Duration of the meal in minutes |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paige M Cunningham, PhD | Contact | 607-255-2650 | pmc242@cornell.edu |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Paige M Cunningham, PhD | Cornell University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cornell University | Ithaca | New York | 14850 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001522 | Behavior, Animal |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| High Variety |
| Other |
Three foods served |
|
| Low ED | Other | Foods are low in energy density |
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| High ED | Other | Foods are high in energy density |
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| Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in eating rate | Mean food intake per minute (grams/minute), calculated by dividing meal food intake by meal duration | Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in sip count | The number of sips of water during the meal | Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in bite count | The number of bites of food during the meal | Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in bite size | Mean grams of food consumed per bite, calculated by dividing meal food intake by number of bites. | Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in switching between bites and sips | The number of switches between bites and sips during the meal | Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in rating of liking of the taste of food samples | Measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale ranging from not at all pleasant (0 mm) to extremely pleasant (100 mm). This will be used to calculate Sensory-Specific Satiety | From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in rating of desire to eat food samples | Measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale ranging from not at all strong (0 mm) to extremely strong (100 mm), in answer to "How strong is your desire to eat [this food] right now?". This will be used to calculate Sensory-Specific Satiety. | From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in rating of thirst | Measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale ranging from not at all thirsty (0 mm) to extremely thirsty (100 mm) | From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in rating of hunger | Measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale ranging from not at all hungry (0 mm) to extremely hungry (100 mm) | From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in rating of nausea | Measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale ranging from not at all nauseated (0 mm) to extremely nauseated (100 mm) | From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in rating of fullness | Measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale ranging from not at all full (0 mm) to extremely full (100 mm) | From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Change in rating of prospective consumption | Measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale ranging from nothing at all (0 mm) to a large amount (100 mm), in answer to "How much food do you think you could eat right now?". | From before the test meal to after the test meal in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 |