The group of participants to be evaluated

Thoracic kyphotic angle was assessed by manual The group of participants to be evaluated, shoulder pain severity by Visual Analog Scale, shoulder range of motion by manual goniometer, shoulder isokinetic strength by isokinetic dynamometer, and upper extremity functionality by Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire.

Participants' thoracic kyphosis angle was assessed using two gravity-dependent manual inclinometers (Isomed Inc. 975 Sandy Blvd, Portland, USA). The manual inclinometer is a valid and reliable method used to measure range of motion and postural curvatures of the spine. During the measurement process, the feet of the inclinometers were positioned on the spinal protrusions that were identified as corresponding to the first and second thoracic vertebrae (T1/2) and the twelfth thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae (T12/L1). Spinal levels were determined through palpation while the subjects were in a natural standing position.

Participants' pain intensity was evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale , which consists of a 100 mm long, fixed horizontal line.Visual Analog Scale is considered one of the best available methods that are valid and reliable for estimating pain intensity. Participants were asked to mark the point representing the severity of shoulder pain in their current situation. The Visual Analog Scale score was determined by measuring the end of the line from the left beginning to the point marked by the patient, in millimeters