The only group of this cross-sectional observational study consists of individuals over the age of 18. There were no orthopedic and neurological chronic diseases included. Individuals with severe visual and hearing problems and individuals who had undergone surgery within the last 6 months were excluded.

No intervention was applied to the group.

The thoracic kyphosis angle was evaluated with a dual digital inclinometer (Acumar, Lafeyette, USA). Repetitive cervical flexion, extension and lateral flexion movements were asked from the subjects before the measurement. They were also asked to perform back rotation of the shoulders and to take a deep breath in and out. Subsequently, they were asked to stand in a normal position in which they were comfortable and the measurement was performed. The inclinometer was placed on the T1-2 and T12-L1 vertebrae. The value on the inclinometer screen was noted as the degree of kyphosis. A kyphosis angle of 20-40 degrees is considered normal. Values above 45 degrees are considered as hyperkyphosis.

Trunk position sense was evaluated with a dual digital inclinometer (Acumar, Lafeyette, USA) during 30 degrees of trunk flexion. For the measurement, the subjects were asked to stand in a standing and comfortable position. The inclinometer was placed on the T1 and S1 vertebrae. Individuals were asked to perform 30 degrees of trunk flexion with their eyes closed. The measurement was taught by performing 2 trials. Then, the individuals were asked to find the target angle that was taught. The angle that the individuals thought was the target angle was recorded. The difference between the recorded angle and the target angle was written as absolute value. The process was repeated three times and averaged. There is no specific reference value for trunk flexion position sensation.