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This study aims to compare the effects of single-task and dual-task conditions on motor performance and postural control in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and typically developing children. Participants' performance under single-task and dual-task conditions involving cognitive load will be evaluated to examine how cognitive demands affect physical task performance in both groups.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autism Spectrum Disorder | The diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder was made by child and adolescent psychiatrists in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria. |
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| Typically developing child | A control group consisting of children with normal development, matched to the OSB group in terms of age and gender variables, was included. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single- and Dual-Task Condition Assessment | Other | Participants will perform motor tasks under single-task and dual-task conditions. In the dual-task condition, a concurrent cognitive task will be added to the motor task to increase cognitive load. Performance during these conditions will be assessed to examine the effects of cognitive load on motor performance and postural control. No therapeutic intervention, medication, or device is applied. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Postural control performance | Postural control will be assessed using the Nintendo Wii Balance Board under both single-task and dual-task conditions. The mean value of center of pressure sway in the medio-lateral and anterior-posterior directions will be calculated during a 30-second quiet standing task with eyes open. Values will be expressed in millimeters (mm). | Day 3 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Walking Performance | Gait performance will be assessed under single-task and dual-task conditions using a sensor-based mobile gait analysis application. The mean walking speed will be calculated during a 6-meter walking task performed at a self-selected comfortable pace. Walking speed values will be expressed in meters per second (m/s). | Day 3 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Typically Developing Control Group:
Exclusion Criteria:
Both Groups:
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The study population consists of children aged 5 to 16 years, including children diagnosed with mild to moderate Autism Spectrum Disorder and age- and sex-matched typically developing children. All participants are able to follow basic instructions and complete single-task and dual-task motor assessments. Written informed consent is obtained from the legal guardians of all participants prior to enrollment.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moren Language, Speech, and Development Center | Ordu | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001321 | Autistic Disorder |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000067877 | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| D002659 | Child Development Disorders, Pervasive |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012847 | Single Person |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017533 | Marital Status |
| D005191 | Family Characteristics |
| D003710 | Demography |
| D011154 | Population Characteristics |
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| Motor Performance | Motor performance will be assessed under single-task and dual-task conditions using the Sit-to-Stand App. During a 30-second sit-to-stand test, the mean vertical power will be calculated based on average vertical velocity normalized to body weight. Mean power values will be expressed in watts (W) and used as an indicator of lower extremity muscle performance. | Day 3 |
| Childhood Autism Rating Scale | The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was used to assess autism spectrum disorder and rate its severity. The CASR is an observation-based assessment tool developed by Schopler, Reichler, and Renner in 1980.The scale consists of 15 items and covers behavioral areas such as social relationships, imitation, emotional responses, physical movements, adaptation, visual and auditory responses, olfactory responses, language communication, and intelligence . In the scoring of the test, 15-29 points indicate no signs of autism, 30-37 points indicate mild to moderate levels, and 38-60 points indicate severe levels of autistic traits . | Day 1 |
| D012959 |
| Socioeconomic Factors |