The Effect of Intraoperative Binaural Beats on Remimazolam Dose Required for Maintenance of General Anesthesia

The Effect of Intraoperative Binaural Beats on Remimazolam Dose Required for Maintenance of General Anesthesia: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial

This prospective randomized controlled trial evaluates whether intraoperative binaural beats reduce the remimazolam dose required for general anesthesia in 88 adults undergoing breast surgery. Patients are assigned to binaural beats or silent earphones, and the primary outcome is total intraoperative remimazolam consumption.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult patients (≥19 years old) scheduled to undergo breast surgery with reconstruction under general anesthesia.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with hearing impairment, hearing loss, or those using hearing aids
• Patients with external auditory canal disease that prevents wearing earphones
• Patients with chronic use of hypnotics or sedatives
• Patients with a history of obstructive sleep apnea or a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m²
• Patients with alcohol dependence or substance abuse
• Patients deemed inappropriate for study participation at the discretion of the investigator