Dietary Inflammatory Index and Periodontal Status in Obese Patients

The Relationship Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Periodontal Status in Obese Patients

In this study aimed to investigate the effect of nutrition on periodontal status in individuals diagnosed with obesity and without any other systemic disease, and to investigate the relationship between DII and periodontal disease risk. A total of 200 participants will be included in the study. Participants' overall daily Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores will be calculated. The obtained scores will be divided into four groups, from low to high: Q1 (n=50), Q2 (n=50), Q3 (n=50), and Q4 (n=50). According to the DII, groups Q1 and Q2, which include lower scores, represent individuals on an anti-inflammatory diet, while groups Q3 and Q4, which include higher scores, represent individuals on a pro-inflammatory diet. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status (TAS) were collected from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum samples. The levels of biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and C-reactive protein (CRP) from serum samples alone will be analyzed by ELISA method at the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Medical Biochemistry Laboratory.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Being diagnosed with obesity,
• Not having any systemic conditions other than obesity (systemic diseases that may affect periodontal health, such as cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, and hypertension (>130/85 mmHg)),
• Being between the ages of 18 and 65,
• Not smoking or consuming alcohol,
• Not having used anti-inflammatory medications in the last 3 months, or antibiotics or systemic corticosteroids in the last 6 months,
• Not being pregnant or lactating,
• Not having received periodontal treatment in the last 6 months,
• Not having received nutritional advice in the last 3 months,
• Obesity diagnosis: BMI > 30 kg/m2 or waist circumference: > 100 cm for men and > 90 cm for women.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Non-obese
• Having any systemic disease other than obesity (such as cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, and hypertension (>130/85 mmHg) that may affect periodontal health)
• Being over 65 years old and under 18 years old
• Smoking and alcohol use
• Having used anti-inflammatory drugs in the last 3 months, antibiotics, or systemic corticosteroids in the last 6 months
• Being pregnant or lactating
• Having received periodontal treatment in the last 6 months
• Having received nutritional advice in the last 3 months