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This study aims to compare the effects of blood flow restricted (BFR) exercise and to examine the differences between various BFR protocols on acute pain reduction in individuals with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain, as well as the exercise tolerance at each intensity and occlusion setting. There are four exercise modalities corresponding to different combinations of intensity (%RM) and percentage of occlusion (%AOP): 1) 30% RM and 30% AOP; 2) 30% RM and 50% AOP; 3) 30% RM and 70% AOP; 4) 30% RM and BFR placebo (cuff without pressure).
All participants will complete one session of each of the four exercise modalities, analyzing the variables studied in each for subsequent analysis and comparison.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resistance exercise with low blood occlusion | Experimental | A single session of exercise, 30% repetition maximum, and 30% blood occlusion |
|
| Resistance exercise with moderate blood occlusion | Experimental | A single session of exercise, 30% repetition maximum, and 50% blood occlusion |
|
| Resistance exercise with high blood occlusion | Experimental | A single session of exercise, 30% repetition maximum, and 70% blood occlusion |
|
| Resistance exercise with sham blood flow restriction | Sham Comparator | A single session of exercise, 30% repetition maximum, and without blood restriction (cuff applied without pressure) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resistance exercise with low AOP | Device | Three exercises: external rotation at 0°, internal rotation at 0° and elevation in the scapular plane. 4 sets (30, 15, 15, reps to fatigue) with a intensity of 30% RM and a 30% of arterial occlusion pressure. 30" rest between sets, 2' rest between exercises. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity at rest (Visual Analogue Scale, 0-10) | Pain intensity perceived on a Visual Analogue Scale, at rest, being 0 no pain and 10 the worst pain imaginable. | Periprocedural |
| Pain intensity during movement (Visual Analogue Scale, 0-10) | Pain intensity perceived on a Visual Analogue Scale during movement (flexion and abduction movement without load), being 0 no pain and 10 the worst pain imaginable | Periprocedural |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure pain threshold | Pressure pain threshold measured in the middle deltoid (peripheral sensitivity) and tibialis anterior (central sensitivity), using an algometer | Periprocedural |
| Exercise tolerance with each setting |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrian Escriche-Escuder, PhD | Contact | +34 963 98 38 55 | adrian.escriche@uv.es |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Adrian Escriche-Escuder, PhD | University of Valencia | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia | Recruiting | Valencia | Valencia | 46010 | Spain |
The data that support the findings of this study will be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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|
| Resistance exercise with moderate BFR | Device | Three exercises: external rotation at 0°, internal rotation at 0° and elevation in the scapular plane. 4 sets (30, 15, 15, reps to fatigue) with a intensity of 30% RM and a 50% of arterial occlusion pressure. 30" rest between sets, 2' rest between exercises. |
|
| Resistance exercise with high BFR | Device | Three exercises: external rotation at 0°, internal rotation at 0° and elevation in the scapular plane. 4 sets (30, 15, 15, reps to fatigue) with a intensity of 30% RM and a 70% of arterial occlusion pressure. 30" rest between sets, 2' rest between exercises. |
|
| Resistance exercise with sham BFR | Device | Three exercises: external rotation at 0°, internal rotation at 0° and elevation in the scapular plane. 4 sets (30, 15, 15, reps to fatigue) with a intensity of 30% RM and a sham blood flow restriction application (cuff applied without pressure). 30" rest between sets, 2' rest between exercises. |
|
Exercise tolerance with each setting according to the following 5-point scale: well tolerated, tolerated, neutral, poorly tolerated, not tolerated.
| Periprocedural |
| Occurrence of adverse effects | Occurrence of adverse effects (e.g., pain, delayed onset muscle soreness, sudden weakness of the trained limb, redness or swelling of the trained limb, etc.) by self-report. | Immediately after the intervention, 1 hour, 6 hours, 24 hours |
| Surface electromyography | Surface electromyography for the study of muscle recruitment (middle deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor and trapezius muscles) | Periprocedural |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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