Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This study aims to analyze the effects of 4 weeks of low-intensity exercise with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on pain, fear of movement, catastrophizing about pain, strength, and disability in a population with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain. There are two modalities corresponding to the same exercises under different blood flow restriction conditions: 1) 3 low-intensity exercises (30% 1RM) with BFR (50% AOP); 2) 3 low-intensity exercises (30% 1RM) without BFR.
Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups and will undergo a 4-week intervention. The variables of interest will be assessed in each group for subsequent analysis and comparison.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low resistance exercise with blood occlusion | Experimental | Eight sessions of exercise during 4 weeks, 30% repetition maximum, and 50% blood occlusion |
|
| Low resistance exercise without blood flow restriction | Active Comparator | Eight sessions of exercise during 4 weeks, 30% repetition maximum, without blood occlusion |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resistance exercise with BFR | Device | Three exercises: external rotation at 0°, internal rotation at 0° and elevation in the scapular plane. 4 sets (30, 15, 15, reps to fatigue) with a intensity of 30% RM and a 50% of arterial occlusion pressure. 30" rest between sets, 2' rest between exercises. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity during movement (Visual Analogue Scale, 0-10) | Pain intensity perceived on a Visual Analogue Scale during movement (flexion and abduction movement without load), being 0 no pain and 10 the worst pain imaginable. | Baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity at rest (Visual Analogue Scale, 0-10) | Pain intensity perceived on a Visual Analogue Scale, at rest, being 0 no pain and 10 the worst pain imaginable. | Baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. |
| Pressure pain threshold |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrian Escriche-Escuder, PhD | Contact | +34 963 98 38 55 | adrian.escriche@uv.es |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Adrián Escriche-Escuder, PhD | Universitat de València | Principal Investigator |
Not provided
The data that support the findings of this study will be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| Resistance exercise without BFR | Procedure | Three exercises: external rotation at 0°, internal rotation at 0° and elevation in the scapular plane. 4 sets (30, 15, 15, reps to fatigue) with a intensity of 30% RM and a without flow restriction application (cuff applied without pressure). 30" rest between sets, 2' rest between exercises. |
|
Pressure pain threshold measured in the middle deltoid (peripheral sensitivity) and tibialis anterior (central sensitivity), using an algometer.
| Before the session, immediately after, and 1 hour post-intervention |
| Kinesiophobia | Assessment of fear of movement or reinjury, assessed via the self-administered Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia questionnaire. | Baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. |
| Occurrence of adverse effects | Occurrence of adverse effects (e.g., pain, delayed onset muscle soreness, sudden weakness of the trained limb, redness or swelling of the trained limb, etc.) by self-report. | Immediately after the intervention, 1 hour, 6 hours, 24 hours. |
| Pain Catastrophizing | Assessment of pain catastrophizing, measured using the self-report Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), which evaluates exaggerated negative mental responses to actual or anticipated pain. The final score ranges from 0 to 52, with higher scores reflecting higher levels of catastrophizing. | Baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. |
| Pain and Disability | Assessment of pain and disability, measured using the self-report Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). The score ranges from 0 to 100. A score of 0 indicates best, 100 indicates worst. A higher score shows more disabillity. | Baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. |
| Shoulder Disability | Assessment of shoulder disability, measured using the self-report Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire (DASH). The final score ranges from 0 (no disability) to 100 (severe/maximal disability), calculated from patient-rated difficulty on a 5-point scale for 30 items, with higher scores indicating greater impairment in arm, shoulder, and hand function. | Baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. |
| Muscle Strength | Assessment of supraspinatus and internal and external rotator muscle strength, measured using a strap-secured handheld dynamometer. | Baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. |
| Satisfaction with methodology | Assessment of participant satisfaction with the methodology used, measured at the end of the program using a 5-point scale: very satisfied (5), satisfied (4), neutral (3), dissatisfied (2), very dissatisfied (1). | 4 weeks. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
Not provided
Not provided