Based on the analysis of dietary characteristics, gut microbiota diversity, and composition, this study investigates the relationships between the dietary inflammatory potential, gut microbiota, and sarcopenia. Furthermore, it explores the mediating role of gut microbiota in the association between the dietary inflammatory index and the risk of sarcopenia. The findings are expected to provide insights into the mechanisms through which dietary inflammation influences the development and progression of sarcopenia, and to offer a basis for dietary and nutritional interventions aimed at preventing or managing this condition.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Permanent residents of the community aged 60 years or older.
• Continuous residence duration in the community for more than 5 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Taking medications known to affect muscle function (e.g., corticosteroids, protein supplements, muscle enhancers).
• Requiring walking assistance or having severe cognitive impairment that would preclude successful completion of assessments including bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), gait speed measurement, and handgrip strength testing.
• Presence of a cardiac pacemaker, which contraindicates BIA measurement.
• Diagnosis of one or more chronic diseases that significantly limit dietary intake.

This community-based cross-sectional study enrolled permanent residents aged 60 years or older who had been living in the community for more than 5 years.