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The coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia results in sarcopenic obesity, a high-risk geriatric condition associated with metabolic perturbations and several co-morbidities. Despite the rising numbers of older adults diagnosed with sarcopenic obesity, few studies have characterized this condition on the muscle cell and systemic level. This study sought to comprehensively assess the influence of sarcopenic obesity on muscle and blood-related parameters and compare it to non-sarocopenic obese and non-sarcopenic lean older adults.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sarcopenic obesity | Age: 70-80 years Men, ALM/W < 25.7 %, body fat % > 35 Women, ALM/W < 19.7 %, body fat % > 40 |
| |
| Non-sarcopenic obese | Age: 70-80 years Men, ALM/W > 25.7 %, body fat % > 35 Women, ALM/W > 19.7 %, body fat % > 40 |
| |
| Non-sarcopenic lean | Age: 70-80 years Men, ALM > 7.0 kg/m2, body fat % < 25 Women, ALM > 5.5 kg/m2, body fat % < 32 |
| |
| Young lean | Age: 18-40 years Men, ALM > 7.0 kg/m2, body fat % < 25 Women, ALM > 5.5 kg/m2, body fat % < 32 |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Essential amino acids (EAA) | Dietary Supplement | intake of 240 mg EAA per kg lean body mass after a resistance exercise session |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Fiber type-specific cell signalling | This measure will be investigated during an experimental trial in which the participants are subjected to an acute bout of resistance exercise followed by the ingestion of essential amino acids (240 mg/kg lean mass). During this 3 hour time period, the participants will donate two muscle biopsies, one before exercise and the second one 1 hour after exercise. Cell signalling networks related to muscle mass regulation will be examined in these biopsy samples. The signal will be measured using Western blotting and the signal obtained is expressed in relation to baseline (adjusted volume intensity). | 1 hour after ingestion of essential amino acids and resistance exercise |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Skeletal muscle fiber characteristics | Fiber type-specific area measured using immunofluorescence microscope in muscle biopsies collected at baseline (prior to ingestion of essential amino acids and resistance exercise). Unit of measurement is square micrometers (µm^2). | 1 hour prior to ingestion of essential amino acids and resistance exercise |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The elderly participants will be community-dwelling living in the greater Stockholm metropolitan area. Participants will be recruited through local senior clubs, online communities, advertisement and word of mouth.
The young participants will be living in the greater Stockholm metropolitan area. Participants will be recruited through university forums, online communities, advertisement and word of mouth.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| William Apró, PhD | Contact | 08-120 538 67 | +46 | william.apro@gih.se |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| William Apró, PhD | The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Sweden | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences | Recruiting | Stockholm | 11433 | Sweden |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAP | No | Yes | No | Statistical Analysis Plan | Nov 1, 2023 | Nov 1, 2023 | SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D055948 | Sarcopenia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000601 | Amino Acids, Essential |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000596 | Amino Acids |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
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Skeletal muscle biopsies from m. vastus lateralis and venous blood samples
| Whole body muscle volume | Indices of muscle volume and fat infiltration obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Unit of measurement is cubic centrimeters (cm^3). | 1 hour |
| Whole body glucose tolerance | Oral glucose tolerance test in which the participants will ingest a standardized glucose drink and blood glucose levels will be monitored throughout a period of 2 hours. Unit of measurement is mmol/L glucose. | 2 hours |
| Accelerometer-assessed physical activity levels | Hip-worn accelerometer data (Actigraph GT3X) collected over 7 consecutive days. Unit of measurement is steps per day. | 1 week |
| Isometric and isokinetic leg muscle strength | Muscle performance will be evaluated at a single timepoint during the study using IsoMed2000 dynamometer. Participants will perform a maximal isometric contraction at 60 degrees of knee flexion. Unit of measurement is Newton meter (N-m). | 1 hour |
| D001835 |
| Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D009133 | Muscular Atrophy |
| D020879 | Neuromuscular Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D001284 | Atrophy |
| D020763 | Pathological Conditions, Anatomical |