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This quasi-experimental study was designed to evaluate whether a structured, four-week psychological performance strategies training program could improve achievement motivation among licensed athletes. Fifty athletes were assigned to an experimental group (n=25) and a control group (n=25). The experimental group received training twice weekly for four weeks, including goal setting, self-talk, emotional control, imagery, automaticity, action orientation, attention control, and relaxation. Achievement motivation was measured at baseline and after the intervention using the Sport-Specific Achievement Motivation Scale.
Achievement motivation is a key determinant of athletic performance, yet few studies have systematically investigated structured psychological skills training in this area. This study aimed to examine the effect of a multi-component psychological performance strategies program on achievement motivation in athletes.
A total of 50 licensed athletes from the Faculty of Sports Sciences, Aksaray University, voluntarily participated. Participants were divided into an experimental group (n=25) and a control group (n=25). The experimental group received supervised psychological performance strategies training, consisting of eight modules delivered over four weeks (two sessions per week, 60 minutes each). Training content included:
The control group did not receive any intervention. Outcome assessment was performed using the Sport-Specific Achievement Motivation Scale, administered at baseline and after the 4-week program.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Psychological Performance Strategies Training | Experimental | Licensed athletes received a structured, supervised psychological performance strategies training program over 4 weeks. The program consisted of 8 modules (two 60-minute sessions per week) covering goal setting, self-talk, emotional control, imagery, automaticity, action orientation, attention control/negative thinking management, and relaxation techniques. Training was delivered in a group setting by qualified instructors. |
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| No Intervention | No Intervention | Licensed athletes assigned to the control group did not receive any psychological training during the 4-week period. They continued their usual academic and training routines without additional intervention. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychological Performance Strategies Training | Behavioral | A structured 4-week program of psychological performance strategies training delivered to licensed athletes. The program consisted of 8 sessions (twice per week, 60 minutes each) including modules on goal setting, self-talk, emotional control, imagery, automaticity, action orientation, attention control/negative thinking management, and relaxation techniques. Training was conducted in a supervised group format by qualified instructors. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Sport-Specific Achievement Motivation total score | Mean change in the Sport-Specific Achievement Motivation Scale (40 items, 5-point Likert; minimum = 1, maximum = 5; higher scores indicate greater achievement motivation) from baseline to post-intervention. Scores assessed in both arms; between-group comparison based on change scores. | Baseline (Week 0) to Post-intervention (Week 4) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Percent change in Sport-Specific Achievement Motivation total score | Percent change = [(Post-test - Pre-test) / Pre-test] × 100; calculated using the Sport-Specific Achievement Motivation Scale (40 items, 5-point Likert; minimum = 1, maximum = 5; higher scores indicate greater achievement motivation). | Baseline (Week 0) to Post-intervention (Week 4) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Metin YÜCEANT, PhD | Aksaray Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Turkey | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aksaray University, Faculty of Sports Sciences | Aksaray | 68100 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| Post-intervention Sport-Specific Achievement Motivation total score | Group comparison of Sport-Specific Achievement Motivation Scale total score at Week 4 (40 items, 5-point Likert; minimum = 1, maximum = 5; higher scores indicate greater achievement motivation). Baseline score considered in analysis as appropriate. | Post-intervention (Week 4) |