This study aims to investigate the placebo (PLA) effect on physical performance across different sports disciplines in real-world, field-based settings. The study investigates how participant expectations and beliefs regarding caffeine (CAF) intake influence physical performance and psychomotor function outside the controlled laboratory environment. Healthy, physically active adults (n = 120) from diverse sports backgrounds will be randomly assigned to receive caffeine, placebo, or no intervention. Participants will perform discipline-specific field exercise tests (e.g., running-based protocols or repeated sprint protocols) while physiological responses are monitored using wearable technology. Physical performance outcomes and psychomotor responses will be analyzed to evaluate the real-world impact of the placebo effect and to distinguish the pharmacological effects of caffeine from those driven by psychological expectations across different athletic settings.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
malik@awf.poznan.pl+48739975701
Participants ingest a single dose of caffeine (6mg/kg body mass) prior to a field-based exercise protocol (e.g., Cooper test or Repeated Sprint Ability).
Participants ingest a single dose of placebo (corn starch) in an identical capsule prior to a field-based exercise protocol.
Participants perform the same field-based exercise protocol without ingesting any capsule or active substance.
Placebo Effects Investigated by Different Experimental Designs
The Influence of Caffeine Supplementation on Specific Performance and Training Activities
"How Awareness and Subjectivity Modulate the Placebo Effect"
Motivational, Affective and Performance Effects of Caffeine Supplementation
Effects Of Caffeine On Cognitive Performance
Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Placebo and Nocebo Effects in Sports - a Protocol Paper
The Role of Attention in Modulating the Placebo Effect
Effect of Energy Drink on Sport Performance and Psycho-Physiological Responses.