Exploring the Patterns of Sleep Disordered Breathing in Systemic Sclerosis Patients

Exploring the Patterns of Sleep Disordered Breathing in Systemic Sclerosis Patients

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Fatigue, non-restorative sleep, and poor sleep quality are frequently reported among patients with SSc, yet these symptoms remain under-recognized and under-investigated in clinical practice. Despite growing awareness of the burden of sleep-related symptoms, there is a significant lack of objective data regarding sleep disturbances in this population, particularly those assessed using polysomnography (PSG).

Emerging evidence suggests a notable prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), as well as periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) and insomnia in individuals with SSc. The multi-factorial aetiology of sleep disturbances in SSc may involve fibrotic changes in the lungs, gastroesophageal reflux, musculoskeletal discomfort, and psychological stress. Moreover, pulmonary fibrosis and restrictive lung disease in SSc have been linked to an increased risk of nocturnal hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, which may worsen fatigue and impair quality of life.

Objective sleep assessment through PSG can provide essential insights into the type and severity of sleep disorders in SSc patients. Identifying these disorders early may guide more targeted management strategies, improve patients' daily functioning, and potentially alter disease outcomes. Hence, this study is warranted to fill the existing gap in knowledge and to explore the clinical implications of sleep disturbances in systemic sclerosis.

Study Objectives is to assess the occurrence and types of sleep disorders in systemic sclerosis patients, to evaluate polysomnographic findings in systemic sclerosis disease.

Inclusion Criteria:

Age ≥ 18 years, with Confirmed diagnosed of SSc (2013 ACR/EULAR criteria).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pre-existing primary sleep disorders diagnosed before SSc diagnosis
• Use of sedatives or hypnotics within the last month that significantly alter sleep architecture
• Severe psychiatric or neurological conditions
• Refusal to participate in the study