Evaluation of Sequelae in Permanent Successors Following Traumatic Injuries to Primary Teeth

Evaluation of Sequelae in Permanent Successors Following Traumatic Injuries to Primary Teeth

Retrospective data analysis of children with primary dental trauma and follow-up visual examination to find out the sequelae.

An observational study of permanent teeth that have enamel defects, coloration, or developmental disruption after primary tooth injury. A control group without history of trauma or dental injury to compare the enamel defect statistics.

Inclusion Criteria:

• • Children who had experienced TDI-p

  • Presence of a permanent tooth germ below the primary teeth
  • Children aged between 5 and 12 years, regardless of sex
  • Patients and their guardians who agreed to participate in follow-up sessions
  • Permanent teeth that had fully erupted according to Von Arx's [16] classification.

Exclusion Criteria:

• • Children with long-term antibiotic use due to chronic illnesses that could cause enamel hypoplasia

  • Children with congenital absence of permanent tooth germs
  • Permanent teeth with caries or restorations due to trauma or other causes
  • Permanent teeth that had not yet erupted or had only partially erupted
  • Children with primary tooth trauma who were unable to attend the follow-up session
  • Children with a history of trauma to their permanent teeth
  • Children without any history of trauma to primary teeth