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This study compares the effectiveness of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Post Facilitation Stretch in reducing shoulder pain in 32 fast bowlers aged 18-35. Participants will receive treatment three times a week for four weeks. Pain, shoulder mobility, and functional ability will be measured before and after the intervention to identify the more effective technique
This randomized clinical trial aims to compare the effectiveness of the Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Post Facilitation Stretch in treating shoulder pain among fast bowlers. A total of 32 fast bowlers aged 18-35 years with chronic shoulder pain will be recruited from the Pakistan Sports Board, Lahore. Participants will be randomly divided into two groups, each receiving one of the two treatments three times a week for four weeks, preceded by hot pack application. Pain, shoulder range of motion, and functional disability will be assessed before and after the intervention using the Visual Analogue Scale, inclinometer, and Quick-DASH questionnaire. The study seeks to determine which technique offers better outcomes for managing shoulder pain in fast bowlers.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spencer Muscle Energy Technique | Experimental | 16 participants will undergo spencer muscle energy technique three times a week over a four-week period.Various movement patterns will performed, and the treatment duration will be 30 minutes. |
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| Post Facilitation Stretch | Experimental | 16 participants will undergo Post facilitation stretching process was repeated 5 times with 10 second interval between each stretch. The whole treatment session was around 20 minute. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spencer Muscle Energy Technique | Other | Spencer muscle energy technique participants will receive a hot pack for 7-10 minutes followed by their respective treatments, three times a week for four weeks. Group A will undergo Spencer Muscle Energy Technique for 30 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analogue Scale | Pain intensity was measured using a 10-cm VAS, where 0 indicates "no pain" and 10 indicates "worst imaginable pain." Scores were recorded at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention. | 4 Weeks |
| Range of Motion | Active shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation were assessed using a digital inclinometer. Each movement was measured three times and averaged. Assessments were conducted at baseline and after the intervention period. | 4 Weeks |
| Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick-DASH) Score | A validated questionnaire used to assess functional disability of the upper limb. It consists of 11 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Final scores range from 0 (no disability) to 100 (most severe disability). It was recorded pre- and post-intervention. | 4 Weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Fast bowlers
Exclusion Criteria:
● Rotator cuff tears.
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muhammad Atif Javed, PP-DPT | Contact | 03317491071 | atif.javed@riphah.edu.pk | |
| Syeda Tehreem Fatima, DPT | Contact | 03311430000 | temi.shah14@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Syeda Tehreem Fatima, DPT | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pakistan Sports Board | Lahore | Punjab Province | 54000 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33610175 | Background | Ghisi D, Boschetto G, Spinelli AM, Giannone S, Frugiuele J, Ciccarello M, Bonarelli S. Spinal anaesthesia with Chloroprocaine HCl 1% for elective lower limb procedures of short duration: a prospective, randomised, observer-blind study in adult patients. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021 Feb 20;21(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s12871-021-01279-9. | |
| 33088637 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020069 | Shoulder Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018771 | Arthralgia |
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D010146 | Pain |
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Randomized control design
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The participants are blind
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| Post Facilitation Stretch | Other | Post facilitation stretch participants will receive a hot pack for 7-10 minutes followed by their respective treatments, three times a week for four weeks.post facilitation stretching process was repeated 5 times with 10 second interval between each stretch. |
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| Kawabata Y, Ikegami H. Genetics of fulminant type 1 diabetes. Diabetol Int. 2020 Sep 21;11(4):315-322. doi: 10.1007/s13340-020-00468-0. eCollection 2020 Oct. |
| 35054120 | Background | Su PY, Su WW, Hsu YC, Wang SY, Chiu PF, Yen HH. Micro-Elimination of Hepatitis C among Patients with Kidney Disease by Using Electronic Reminder System-A Hospital-Based Experience. J Clin Med. 2022 Jan 14;11(2):423. doi: 10.3390/jcm11020423. |
| 24149424 | Background | Chia M. PRIDE for PLAY: Personal Responsibility in Daily Effort for Participation in Lifelong Activity for Youths. A Singaporean Context. J Sports Sci Med. 2007 Sep 1;6(3):374-9. |
| 38435910 | Background | Phansopkar P, Qureshi MI. Impact of Spencer Technique on Pain, Range of Motion, and Functional Disability in Patients With Frozen Shoulder: A Pilot Study. Cureus. 2024 Jan 30;16(1):e53263. doi: 10.7759/cureus.53263. eCollection 2024 Jan. |
| 33475581 | Background | Iqbal M, Riaz H, Ghous M, Masood K. Comparison of Spencer muscle energy technique and Passive stretching in adhesive capsulitis: A single blind randomized control trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020 Dec;70(12(A)):2113-2118. doi: 10.5455/JPMA.23971. |
| D009461 |
| Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |