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This study is designed to evaluate the acute effect of consuming a cup of instant coffee on circulating metabolites and to evaluate whether ingestion of instant coffee in the form of a capsule has a similar effect on circulating metabolites as compared to the conventionally prepared beverage.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Instant coffee capsule/ coffee beverage | Experimental |
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| Instant coffee beverage/ coffee capsule | Experimental |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Instant Coffee Capsule | Dietary Supplement | Participants received 1.7 grams of instant coffee in the form of three capsules. 200 mL of plain water was provided to participants to swallow the three capsules. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Caffeine and polyphenol metabolites | Each participant underwent two interventions, and blood was collected pre- and post- each intervention. Blood was allowed to clot at room temperature. After 30-40 min, serum was separated from entire blood by centrifugation (3000g, 15 min, 4°C) and aliquoted into tubes. All samples were processed on the same day of collection. A total of 7 biomarker compounds (trigonelline, paraxanthine, theophylline, theobromine, caffeine, cyclo(Leu-Pro), and cyclo(Pro-Val)) were quantified using a targeted method developed in-house. The quantification method was optimized by LC retention elution, parent-daughter quantifier mass transitions, and varying MS cone and collision energies (in V) to obtain clear peak separation and height. Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) in positive electrospray ionization mode was performed on a Waters Xevo TQ-S Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer system. | The period between the two study visits ranged between 7 to 28 days. |
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy individuals aged 21-64 years old of Chinese ethnicity and are physically-abled, can participate in the research, and are able to understand English
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore | Singapore | 117549 | Singapore |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | May 23, 2025 | May 23, 2025 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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Participants will receive both interventions (instant coffee capsule and instant coffee beverage) in a randomized order across two visits.
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| Instant Coffee Beverage | Dietary Supplement | Dissolved 1.7 grams of instant coffee in 200 mL of hot water to make a coffee beverage. |
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