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Healthy participants will be included in this study by invitation and randomised into three groups. Participants in each group will receive bilateral transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation with the same frequency, current transit time and current intensity. Heart rate variability will be measured over the chest in the first group, over the right arm in the second group and over the left arm in the third group. Then, the differences between the groups in heart rate variability parameters (time-dependent, frequency-dependent) will be compared. The aim of this study is to examine the differences between heart rate variability measurements measured at different sites.
Heart rate variability is defined as the change in beat-to-beat interval, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system influences the change in beat-to-beat interval through cardiovascular connections. Heart rate variability measurement can be obtained by different methods. However, which method is more effective is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between heart rate variability parameters measured on the chest, right arm and left arm.
Healthy participants aged 18-45 years will be included in the study. The inclusion criteria will be determined as being 18 years of age or older and not having any acute or chronic disease. Exclusion criteria will be determined as being previously involved in any neuromodulation intervention, smoking or alcohol use, and regular medication use.
Participants included in the study will be randomised into three groups and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation will be applied. The duration of treatment will be 20 minutes and single session stimulation will be performed. Current intensity, current passage time and frequency will be planned to be the same in each patient. Before and after stimulation, heart rate variability will be measured over the chest in the first group, over the right arm in the second group and over the left arm in the third group. Then, heart rate variability parameters (time-dependent, frequency-dependent) will be compared between the groups.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Measurement over the chest | Active Comparator | Heart rate variability will be measured on the chest for 5 minutes before and after transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation. |
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| Measurement over the right arm | Active Comparator | Heart rate variability will be measured on the right arm for 5 minutes before and after transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation. |
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| Measurement over the left arm | Active Comparator | Heart rate variability will be measured on the left arm for 5 minutes before and after transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation | Device | Non-invasive transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation with special earphones placed in the ear will be applied to the participants for 20 minutes and a single session. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Heart Rate Variability | Heart rate variability will be measured with a 5-minute short measurement method over the chest, right arm and left arm. | Baseline and after 20 minutes of treatment |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alper Percin, Ph.D. | Contact | +905452557585 | alperpercin@avrasya.edu.tr |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ramazan Cihad Yılmaz, Ph.D. | Igdir University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avrasya University Physical Therapy Laboratory | Recruiting | Trabzon | Ortahisar | 61080 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28709155 | Background | Gillinov S, Etiwy M, Wang R, Blackburn G, Phelan D, Gillinov AM, Houghtaling P, Javadikasgari H, Desai MY. Variable Accuracy of Wearable Heart Rate Monitors during Aerobic Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Aug;49(8):1697-1703. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001284. |
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A modelling will be created in which the same intervention will be applied to the three groups but the evaluations will be made differently.
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Single blinding (investigator blinding)