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The goals of this randomized controlled trial are 1) to test the efficacy of an app-based program in reducing physician burnout vs. no app (control) in 100 physicians; 2) to explore the role of an online live training to augment outcomes and develop an ongoing and sustainable support community with a subsample of physicians.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental: Early App-Delivered Mindfulness Training (MT). | Experimental | Participants will be asked to utilize the app designed to reduce burnout for 2 weeks |
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| Later App-Delivered Mindfulness Training (MT). | Other | Participants will receive the intervention after the three-month follow-up, not before. |
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| Experimental: Online Virtual Training | Experimental | A sub-group of participants will receive the virtual online training after three-month follow-up or directly after the app-based intervention. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App-Delivered Mindfulness Training (MT). | Other | The program is delivered via a smartphone-based platform, which includes 7 mindfulness-based modules of about 15 minutes of brief didactic and experience-based for two weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Level of cynicism | Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) cynicism. The MBI is a validated 22-item self-report measure of risk of burnout. Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 6 (every day). The investigators will use only one single-item measure of cynicism that was included from the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)-based on the research of West et al., 2009. | It will be collected 3 times, at baseline, 2 weeks after (post-app), three months later (follow-up). For the sub-group that will attend the online virtual training intervention, it will be collected after 4 months (post online training intervention). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Level of emotional exhaustion | 1.Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) emotional exhaustion. The MBI is a validated 22-item self-report measure of risk of burnout. Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 6 (every day). | It will be collected 3 times, at baseline, 2 weeks after (post-app), three months later (follow-up). For the sub-group that will attend the online virtual training intervention, it will be collected after 4 months (post online training intervention). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Level of Work Engagement | 1. Job Engagement Questionnaire (18 items). The Job Engagement questionnaire is a validated scale of the 18-item. This scale contains 18 items which are presented on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). | It will be collected 3 times, at baseline, 2 weeks after (post-app), three months later (follow-up). For the sub-group that will attend the online virtual training intervention, it will be collected after 4 months (post online training intervention). |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
1. If using psychotropic medication - not on a stable dosage at least 6 weeks
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lia Antico, PhD In Neuroscience | Contact | +1-401-328-0763 | lia_antico@brown.edu | |
| Judson Brewer, PhD, MD | Contact | judson_brewer@brown.edu |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Lia Antico, PhD | Brown University | Principal Investigator |
| Joseph Casamassima, MSc | Brown University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown University | Recruiting | Providence | Rhode Island | 02903 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077062 | Burnout, Psychological |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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One group will receive the intervention (audio-course) to listen during the study and the other group will have access to the audio-course at the end of the study
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| Online Virtual Training | Other | A sub-group of 25 participants, either from the both intervention or control group, the will receive a virtual online training delivered via zoom calls. It is a group session program which includes 4 mindfulness-based sessions of about 60 minutes of brief didactic and experience-based for four weeks. |
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| Level of anxiety | 2.Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-items (GAD-7). The GAD-7 is a validated 7-item measure of anxiety rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (Not at all sure) to 3 (Nearly every day). | It will be collected 3 times, at baseline, 2 weeks after (post-app), three months later (follow-up). For the sub-group that will attend the online virtual training intervention, it will be collected after 4 months (post online training intervention). |
| Level of depression | Patient Health Questionnaire 2-item scale (PHQ-2). The PHQ-2 is a validated 2-item self-report measure of depression. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). | It will be collected 3 times, at baseline, 2 weeks after (post-app), three months later (follow-up). For the sub-group that will attend the online virtual training intervention, it will be collected after 4 months (post online training intervention). |
| Level of intolerance of uncertainty | 4.Intolerance of Uncertainty 12-item scale (IUS-12). The IUS-12 is a validated 12-item self-report measure of intolerance of uncertainty. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not t all). | It will be collected 3 times, at baseline, 2 weeks after (post-app), three months later (follow-up). For the sub-group that will attend the online virtual training intervention, it will be collected after 4 months (post online training intervention). |
| Level of self-compassion | 5.Self-Compassion Scale. The SCS is a validated 12-item self-report measure of self-compassion on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (almost never) to 5 (always). | It will be collected 3 times, at baseline, 2 weeks after (post-app), three months later (follow-up). For the sub-group that will attend the online virtual training intervention, it will be collected after 4 months (post online training intervention). |
| Level of patient-centered care | 2. Nursing Workplace Satisfaction Questionnaire (NWSQ - 17). The NWSQ is a validated 17-item self-report measure of patient-centered care with items presented on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (fully disagree) to 5 (definitely disagree). | It will be collected 3 times, at baseline, 2 weeks after (post-app), three months later (follow-up). For the sub-group that will attend the online virtual training intervention, it will be collected after 4 months (post online training intervention). |
| Level of organization civic behavior | 3. Organizational Civic Behavior Scale (24 items). This questionnaire is a validated 24-item self-report measure of Organizational Civic Scale. Items are rated 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). | It will be collected 3 times, at baseline, 2 weeks after (post-app), three months later (follow-up). For the sub-group that will attend the online virtual training intervention, it will be collected after 4 months (post online training intervention). |
| Level of physician well-being | 4. Physician Well-Being Index (PWBI - 7 items). This questionnaire is a validated 7-item self-report measure of Physician Well-Being. Items are rated 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). | It will be collected 3 times, at baseline, 2 weeks after (post-app), three months later (follow-up). For the sub-group that will attend the online virtual training intervention, it will be collected after 4 months (post online training intervention). |
| Level of loneliness | 5. UCLA 3-Item Loneliness Scale (University California Los Angeles - 3 items). This questionnaire is a validated 3-item self-report measure of Loneliness. Items are rated 10-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (least lonely) to 10 (lost lonely). | It will be collected 3 times, at baseline, 2 weeks after (post-app), three months later (follow-up). For the sub-group that will attend the online virtual training intervention, it will be collected after 4 months (post online training intervention). |
| Level of mindfulness practice | 6. Mindful Practice Questionnaire (MIPR-Q - 28 items). This questionnaire is a validated 28-item self-report measure of Mindfulness practice. Items are rated 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (never/almost never) to 4 for (always/most always). | It will be collected 3 times, at baseline, 2 weeks after (post-app), three months later (follow-up). For the sub-group that will attend the online virtual training intervention, it will be collected after 4 months (post online training intervention). |
| Elements learned | Open question regarding the elements learned with the app and virtual training sessions. | It will be collected one time, two weeks after the baseline (post-app). For the sub-group that will attend the online virtual training intervention, it will be collected a second time after 4 months (post online virtual training intervention). |
| Facilitators | Open question regarding the facilitators encountered with the app and virtual training sessions. | It will be collected one time, two weeks after the baseline (post-app). For the sub-group that will attend the online training intervention, it will be collected a second time after 4 months (post online training intervention). |
| Barriers | Open question regarding the barriers encountered with the app and virtual training sessions. | It will be collected one time, at two weeks after the baseline (post-app). For the sub-group that will attend the online virtual training, it will be collected a second time after 4 months (post online training intervention). |