As this is a survey experiment, the "intervention" involves random assignment to a survey questionnaire with specific treatments. The first treatment is a questionnaire with questions about internalized stigma followed by questions of experienced stigma. Each question is answered as Yes/No/It depends on knowing more details.

As this is a survey experiment, the "intervention" involves random assignment to a survey questionnaire with specific treatments. The second treatment is a questionnaire with questions about experienced stigma followed by questions about internalized stigma. Each question is answered as Yes/No/It depends on knowing more details.

Each version of the questionnaire includes a different order of statements about which study participants are asked to provide a Yes, No, or It depends response.

...do you think less of yourself because of your HIV status? (single item)

...have you felt ashamed because of your HIV status? (single item)

• have you lost respect or standing in the community because of your HIV status?
• have people talked badly about you because of your HIV status?
• have you been verbally insulted, harassed and/or threatened because of your HIV status?
• have you been physically assaulted because of your HIV status?
• has someone else disclosed your HIV status without your permission?
• have you felt that people have not wanted to sit next to you, for example on public transport, at church or in the waiting room, because of your HIV status? (six items)