The outcome represents the amount by which stigma was reduced in each arm between baseline and follow-up. Stigma itself was measured as the difference in healthcare quality between a stigmatized group vs. a dominant group. Because healthcare is multidimensional, we examined it across three domains: syphilis testing, diagnostic effort, and patient-centeredness of care. Positive values mean stigma indicate a decrease in stigma between the two time points. Negative values mean an increase in stigma between the two time points. This outcome compares pre-post changes in MSM stigma across study arms (i.e. differences in care quality between men who have sex with men [MSM] vs. straight men). This particular outcome measures care quality in terms of the level of diagnostic effort expended. Our measure of diagnostic effort is a composite indicator constructed from 18 items relating to various aspects of diagnostic care such as history taking and physical examinations.

The outcome reflects the amount by which stigma was reduced in each arm between baseline and follow-up. Stigma was measured as the difference in healthcare quality between stigmatized and dominant groups. Because healthcare is multidimensional, we examined three domains: syphilis testing, diagnostic effort, and patient-centeredness. Positive values indicate decreased stigma; negative values indicate increased stigma. This outcome compares pre-post changes in HIV stigma across study arms (i.e. differences in care quality between people living with HIV [PLWH] and those not living with HIV). It measures care quality by the level of diagnostic effort. Diagnostic effort is a composite indicator based on 18 items on history taking, physical exams, and other aspects of care. The scale was developed by the study team using Chinese clinical guidelines and input from local physicians experienced in person-centered sexual health care. Items use 4-point Likert scales summed into a provider score.

The outcome reflects how much stigma was reduced in each arm between baseline and follow-up. Stigma was measured as the difference in healthcare quality between stigmatized and dominant groups. As healthcare is multidimensional, we examined three domains: syphilis testing, diagnostic effort, and patient-centeredness. Positive values indicate a decrease in stigma between time points; negative values indicate an increase. This outcome compares pre-post changes in intersectional stigma across study arms (i.e. differences in care quality between MSM with HIV and HIV-negative straight men). It measures care quality by level of diagnostic effort. Diagnostic effort is a composite indicator based on 18 items covering history taking, physical exams, and other aspects of care. The scale was developed by the study team using Chinese clinical guidelines and input from local physicians experienced in person-centered sexual health care. Items use 4-point Likert scales, summed into a provider score.

The outcome reflects how much stigma was reduced in each arm between baseline and follow-up. Stigma was measured as the difference in healthcare quality between stigmatized and dominant groups. As healthcare is multidimensional, we examined three domains: syphilis testing, diagnostic effort, and patient-centeredness. Positive values indicate a decrease in stigma between time points; negative values indicate an increase. This outcome compares pre-post changes in MSM stigma across study arms (i.e., differences in care quality between MSM and straight men). It specifically measures care quality in terms of patient-centeredness. Our measure of patient-centeredness is a composite indicator based on 19 items like doctors' word choice and use of nonverbal communication. The scale was developed by the study team using Chinese clinical guidelines and input from local physicians experienced in person-centered sexual health care. Items use 4-point Likert scales, summed into a provider score.

The outcome reflects how much stigma was reduced in each arm between baseline and follow-up. Stigma was measured as the difference in healthcare quality between a stigmatized group and a dominant group. As healthcare is multidimensional, we examined three domains: syphilis testing, diagnostic effort, and patient-centeredness. Positive values indicate a decrease in stigma; negative values indicate an increase. This outcome compares pre-post changes in HIV stigma across study arms (i.e., differences in care quality between people living with HIV [PLWH] and those not living with HIV). It specifically measures care quality based on patient-centeredness. Our measure is a composite indicator from 19 relevant items such as doctors' word choice or nonverbal communication. The scale was developed by the study team using Chinese clinical guidelines and input from local physicians experienced in person-centered sexual health care. Items use 4-point Likert scales, summed into a provider score.

The outcome reflects how much stigma was reduced in each arm between baseline and follow-up. Stigma was measured as the difference in healthcare quality between stigmatized and dominant groups. As healthcare is multidimensional, we examined three domains: syphilis testing, diagnostic effort, and patient-centeredness. Positive values indicate a decrease in stigma; negative values indicate an increase. This outcome compares pre-post changes in intersectional stigma across study arms (i.e. differences in care quality between MSM with HIV and straight men without HIV). It specifically measures care quality based on patient-centeredness. Our measure is a composite indicator constructed from 19 items such as doctors' word choice or use of nonverbal communication. The scale was developed by the study team using Chinese clinical guidelines and input from local physicians experienced in person-centered sexual health care. Items use 4-point Likert scales, summed into a provider score.