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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| R01MH125667 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Mbarara University of Science and Technology | OTHER |
| National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) | NIH |
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Randomized trial to measure the effect of personalized normative feedback about local HIV testing rates and local rates of HIV-related stigma on self-reported HIV testing intentions and perceptions about others' HIV testing intentions.
HIV testing is a vital step in identifying and treating HIV. Research in rural Uganda reveals underestimation of community HIV testing rates and overestimation of HIV-related stigma among adults. At the same time, perceived norms (i.e., estimated rates regardless of their accuracy) are associated with personal HIV testing behavior and personal HIV-related attitudes.
This study employs a randomized controlled trial to evaluate how providing accurate information about local descriptive (i.e., behavioral) norms and local injunctive (i.e., attitudinal) norms affect HIV testing intentions. Participants are randomly assigned to one of four treatment arms: (1) they are reminded of what they thought community testing rates were in their village and then receive accurate information about high community testing rates, (2) they are reminded of what they thought local stigma rates were in their village and then receive accurate information about positive community perceptions of persons with HIV, (3) they are reminded of what they thought community testing rates and local stigma rates were in their village and then receive both types of accurate normative information, or (4) they are reminded of what they thought community testing rates were in their village and receive no further information (control group).
The study assesses how providing this type of personalized normative feedback within cohort-based data collection affects personal reports about getting tested for HIV in the next 12 months and how it affects perceptions about how many men and women in the same village will get tested for HIV in the next 12 months. It is hypothesized that providing accurate information about local community testing rates and/or attitudes toward persons with HIV will increase reported personal willingness to get tested (primary outcome) and improve the accuracy of estimated community testing rates in the future (secondary outcome).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| V1: Control Group | Experimental | As this is a survey experiment, the "intervention" involves random assignment to a survey questionnaire with specific prompts. The first prompt states the participant's perceived estimate (elicited previously during the survey) of HIV testing rates among single and married people in their village. No other norms-based information is provided. Participants are then asked to report their likelihood of getting tested for HIV in the next 12 months, ranging from 1= I will definitely get tested to 5= I will definitely not get tested. Next they are asked to estimate the rate of HIV testing in the next 12 months among men and women in their village, ranging from 1 = All or almost all, at least 90% of group to 5= Very few, or no one, for example, less than 10% of group. |
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| V2: PNF - Descriptive norms only | Experimental | As this is a survey experiment, the "intervention" involves random assignment to a survey questionnaire with specific treatments. The second treatment is a survey-based questionnaire with a prompt stating the participant's perceived estimate (elicited previously during the survey) of HIV testing rates among single and married people in their village. Participants are then provided with the true rates of HIV testing among men and women in their village, along with information that these rate are consistent across demographic groups. Participants are then asked to report their likelihood of getting tested for HIV in the next 12 months, ranging from 1= I will definitely get tested to 5= I will definitely not get tested. Next they are asked to estimate the rates of HIV testing in the next 12 months among men and women in their village, ranging from 1 = All or almost all, at least 90% of group to 5= Very few, or no one, for example, less than 10% of group. |
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| V3: PNF - Injunctive norms only | Experimental |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survey questionnaire | Other | Each version of the questionnaire has similar questions about personal HIV testing intentions and perceived norms about other men and women's HIV testing intentions. The content of the prompt presented prior to the questions varies based on treatment arm. This version does not provide any normative feedback information. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Self-reported HIV testing intention in the next 12 months | Regarding yourself, how likely are you to go get tested for HIV in the next 12 months? (single item) | Baseline (assessed at the time the survey is administered) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Self-reported perception of HIV testing among men in one's village | How many of these men do you think will go get tested for HIV in the next 12 months? (single item) | Baseline (assessed at the time the survey is administered) |
| Self-reported perception of HIV testing among women in one's village |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Alexander C Tsai, MD, PhD | Massachusetts General Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mbarara University of Science and Technology | Mbarara | Uganda |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011795 | Surveys and Questionnaires |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003625 | Data Collection |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D017531 | Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms |
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Study participants are randomly assigned to be read prompts with personalized normative feedback information with slight changes in content.
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As this is a survey experiment, the "intervention" involves random assignment to a survey questionnaire with specific treatments. The third treatment is a survey-based questionnaire with a prompt stating the participant's perceived estimate (elicited previously during the survey) of HIV testing rates among single and married people in their village. Participants are then provided with information about the true rates of HIV stigma in their village.
Participants are then asked to report their likelihood of getting tested for HIV in the next 12 months, ranging from 1= I will definitely get tested to 5= I will definitely not get tested. Next they are asked to estimate the rate of HIV testing in the next 12 months among men and women in their community, ranging from 1 = All or almost all, at least 90% of group to 5= Very few, or no one, for example, less than 10% of group.
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| V4: PNF - Descriptive and injunctive norms | Experimental | As this is a survey experiment, the "intervention" involves random assignment to a survey questionnaire with specific treatments. The fourth treatment is a survey-based questionnaire with a prompt stating the participant's perceived estimate (elicited previously during the survey) of HIV testing rates among single and married people in their village. Participants are then provided with information about the true rates of both HIV testing and HIV stigma in their village. Participants are then asked to report their likelihood of getting tested for HIV in the next 12 months, ranging from 1= I will definitely get tested to 5= I will definitely not get tested. Next they are asked to estimate the rate of HIV testing in the next 12 months among men and women in their community, ranging from 1 = All or almost all, at least 90% of group to 5= Very few, or no one, for example, less than 10% of group. |
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| Survey questionnaire | Other | Each version of the questionnaire has similar questions about personal HIV testing intentions and perceived norms about other men and women's HIV testing intentions. The content of the prompt presented prior to the questions varies based on treatment arm. This version provides personalized normative feedback with descriptive norms information about local HIV testing rates. |
|
| Survey questionnaire | Other | Each version of the questionnaire has similar questions about personal HIV testing intentions and perceived norms about other men and women's HIV testing intentions. The content of the prompt presented prior to the questions varies based on treatment arm. This version provides personalized normative feedback with injunctive norms information about local HIV stigma rates. |
|
| Survey questionnaire | Other | Each version of the questionnaire has similar questions about personal HIV testing intentions and perceived norms about other men and women's HIV testing intentions. The content of the prompt presented prior to the questions varies based on treatment arm. This version provides personalized normative feedback with descriptive and injunctive norms information about both local HIV testing rates and local HIV stigma rates. |
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How many of these women do you think will go get tested for HIV in the next 12 months? Read all response options audibly, except for refuses/do not know. (single item) |
| Baseline (assessed at the time the survey is administered) |
| D011787 | Quality of Health Care |
| D017530 | Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation |
| D011634 | Public Health |
| D004778 | Environment and Public Health |