The Effect of Serum Calcium Levels on Postoperative Pain: A Prospective Observational Study

The Effect of Serum Calcium Levels on Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study

This is a prospective observational study. To investigate the effect of serum calcium levels on postoperative pain in patients undergoing abdominal surgery, and to determine whether changes in serum calcium levels are a risk factor for postoperative pain.

This study aimed to measure the total serum calcium and ionized calcium levels both before and after surgery. Additionally, NRS scores were recorded at different time points.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged 18-70 years old
• American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification I-III
• Patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia
• Patients participate voluntarily and sign an informed consent form

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with a history of severe disease
• Patients with chronic preoperative pain and/or long-term analgesic use
• Patients with hearing disorders or verbal communication difficulties
• Patients with psychiatric disorders or cognitive dysfunction
• Patients requiring mechanical ventilation or ICU admission after surgery
• Patients with a history of substance or alcohol abuse Patients who could not cooperate with the study for any reason