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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School | OTHER |
| First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University | OTHER |
| Sun Yat-sen University | OTHER |
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Perioperative serum potassium in patients over 65 impacts recovery, quality of life and physical functioning. While perioperative serum potassium is an important preoperative risk factor for poor surgical outcomes in older adults, the relationship between perioperative serum potassium and postsurgical pain in this population has not been investigated. The investigators hypothesized that preoperative serum potassium would be associated with greater odds of postsurgical chronic pain.
This study is a secondary interim analysis of 'Perioperative Database of Chinese Elderly Patients,' an ongoing prospective observational cohort study that began in 2020 at the muti-center in China with the primary aim of complications in older adults before and after surgery. The investigators described the demographics, comorbidities, and assessment scores as n (percentage) or mean (SD), as appropriate. Unadjusted bivariate analyses included t-test or χ2 test to compare differences between minimal pain and intrusive pain at 3 months after surgery based on demographics, preoperative status, baseline pain status and perioperative serum potassium. The investigators then created a logistic regression model with the outcome of persistent pain at 3 months after surgery and serum potassiumas the main predictor, adjusting for baseline pain, surgery type and surgery part and frailty status based on the hypothesis and association. The investigators also tested for the interaction between baseline pain and serum potassiumas.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| CPSP group | Patients who developed chronic pain 3 months after surgery |
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| UN-CPSP group | Patients who did not develop chronic pain 3 months after surgery |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO intervention | Other | NO intervention |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain trajectories after surgery (Numerical Rating Scale) | Pain intensity was assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10, with zero representing no pain and 10 representing worst imaginable pain. The worst pain intensity was then categorized into two groups: no or mild pain (NRS from 0 to 3) and moderate to severe pain (NRS from 4 to 10). | Up to 3 months postoperation |
| The Brief Pain Inventory-short form | It measured pain location in the body; pain intensity on an 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS; 0 represents "no pain" and 10 the "worst pain imaginable"); analgesic intake; perception of analgesic relief; and pain interference with daily life on an 11-point NRS (0 "does not interfere and 10"completely interferes") indistinct dimensions (general activity, mood, walking, work, relations with others, sleep, and enjoyment of life). Higher scores represent higher levels of pain interference. | Up to 3 months postoperation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) | The PCS consists of 13 items, and each item is answered with a numeric value between 0 and 4; 0 corresponding to "not at all", and four corresponded to "all the time". Higher scores indicate a higher level of pain catastrophizing, the Chinese version of the PCS has demonstrated a good reliability and validity (Cronbach's alpha was 0.87 and the ICC was 0.97) | within 30 days prior to surgery ,Up to 3 months postoperation |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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hospital based group
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mi Weidong, PhD | Chinese PLA General Hospital | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese PLA General Hospital | Beijing | Beijing, Beijing, China | 100853 | China |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010146 | Pain |
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| The Affiliated Hospital Of Guizhou Medical University | OTHER |
| Peking University People's Hospital | OTHER |
| China-Japan Friendship Hospital | OTHER |
| Fudan University | OTHER |
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| The trajectories of health related quality of life(HRQoL) | The trajectory of HRQoL is the vector of Utility values measured with EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire(EQ-5D-5L)taken over 3 months(days 1, 3, 7, 30, 90；Day 0 is the day of surgery). The EQ-5D-5L measures health on five domains (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain discomfort, and anxiety-depression), and the scores will be combined using Chinese general population weights to generate a single utility or index score. Utility values for the EQ-5D range from 1.00 to -0.391, where a score of 0 and 1 are regarded as equivalent to death and 'perfect health', respectively, and a score < 0 is considered as health state that is 'worse than death'. | within 30 days prior to surgery , 1, 3, 7, 30, 90 days postoperation |
| The Frail Scale | Frailty was assessed prior to surgery using the Frail Scale assessment. The Frail Scale assessment is a validated 5-item scale comprising components from the Cardiovascular Health Frailty Index and Rockwood Scale. The five components measured include fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illness and loss of weight. For each item, choose "yes" and "no", "No" is assigned 0 points, "yes" is assigned 1 point.The total score of the five items is 0-5. (zero representing no frilty and 5 representing worst imaginable frilty.) Patients were classified as frail if they scored 3 or more on the 5-point scale and not frail if they scored below 3. | within 30 days prior to surgery ,Up to 3 months postoperation |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |