Poor management of post-operative acute pain can contribute to medical complications including pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis, infection and delayed healing, as well as the development of chronic. In contrast, appropriate pain control is capable of reducing the postoperative complications, preventing the development of chronic pain, and improving the quality of life. The workloads of medical staffs and health care cost are subsequently decreased. Recently, a lot of analgesic methods have been developed and used in clinical practice, such as patient-controlled analgesia, ultrasound-guided long-term analgesia and multimodal analgesia. This study is aimed to investigate the effect of dinalbuphine sebacate, a long-acting analgesic, in postoperative pain management. This real world data can serve as a reference toward high health care quality.

This is a prospective, observational, cohort study. Patients undergoing elective surgery will be invited to the study. The written informed consent will be obtained prior to participation. Demographic data, underlying condition, surgical procedures, consumption of anesthetics and analgesics, analgesic methods, postoperative complications, pain intensity and life quality will be collected from medical history and by questionnaires.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Aged 20 to 80.
2. Needing pain management after elective surgery.
3. American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Class (ASA) between 1 and 3.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Allergic to anesthetics, opioids, or medicine used during study period.
2. Severe comorbidity, such as cardiopulmonary disease and strock.
3. Abuse or long-term use of opioids.
4. Pregnant or breastfeeding.
5. Judged to be unsuitable subjects by investigator.

Patients having elective surgery in China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital were invited to participate in this study.