Comparison of Physical Function and Quality of Life in Insulin and Non-Insulin Users With Type 2 Diabetes

Comparison of Muscle Strength, Functional Exercise Capacity, Physical Activity Level, and Quality of Life Between Insulin-Using and Non-Insulin-Using Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

This clinical trial aims to compare the muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, physical activity levels, and quality of life between insulin-using and non-insulin-using patients with Type 2 diabetes. The study will involve participants aged 40-70, diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, and will assess their physical performance through a series of standardized tests. The primary objective is to determine if insulin use impacts the physical fitness and overall health of patients with Type 2 diabetes. Results from this study could lead to better management strategies for diabetic patients.

This study aims to analyzemuscle strength, functional exercise capacity, physical activity levels, and quality of life (QoL) among a control group, insulin-using, and non-insulin-using patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. A total of 67 individuals with a mean age of 54.68 ± 7.41 years were included in the study. Among these participants, 18 were insulin users (Group 1), 21 were non-insulin users (Group 2) with Type II Diabetes, and 28 were healthy individuals (Group 3). Demographic data of the participants were recorded. Grip strength was measured using a hand-grip dynamometer, and quadriceps strength was measured with a handheld dynamometer. Functional exercise capacity was evaluated using the 6-minute walk test (6 MWT), and physical activity levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The Short Form-12 questionnaire was used to assess QoL, the 30-second sit-to-stand test was used for lower extremity strength, and the Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament test was conducted to evaluate protective sensory loss.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Must have been diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by a specialist doctor at least 5 years ago
• Must be between 40-65 years of age
• Must have signed the informed consent form
• Must be literate

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of active diabetic foot ulcer
• History of acute trauma affecting the musculoskeletal system within the last month
• Presence of musculoskeletal, orthopedic, neurological, or cardiopulmonary diseases
• Participants who are unable to cooperate to the extent that they cannot understand the given instructions