Systematic Transthoracic Echocardiographic Screening in Amateur Football Referees

Diagnostic Value of Systematic Echocardiography in the Cardiovascular Screening of Amateur Football Referees

This retrospective study aims to evaluate the prevalence of cardiac abnormalities detected by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in amateur football referees as part of a systematic cardiovascular screening program.

cardiovasculaire screening of athletes and sports officials is essential for preventing sudden cardiac death during physical activity. In 2019, the French Football Federation (FFF) introduced mandatory transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for amateur referees over 18 years old, to improve early detection of cardiovascular abnormalities.

This retrospective observational study investigates the diagnostic value of systematic TTE in detecting structural or functional cardiac anomalies among adult amateur referees affiliated with the Normandy Football League.

The primary objective is to estimate the prevalence of cardiac abnormalities diagnosed by TTE in this population. The secondary objectives include identifying the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), and describing the abnormalities found during the medical evaluation

Inclusion Criteria:

Male amateur football referees, aged ≥18 Affiliated with the Normandy Football League Completed a baseline TTE No known pre-existing cardiac disease Complete medical records available

Exclusion Criteria:

Referees under 18 or in training status History of cardiovascular disease Incomplete medical file