The intervention is based on the Otago Exercise program, which includes cardiopulmonary exercises, resistance exercises, and balance training, with an additional eight resistance exercises.

Give only the physical activity necessary for daily living.

Cardiorespiratory exercises include walking at a normal pace for 30 minutes three times a week, or three 10-minute sessions. The resistance exercises involve five leg muscle strengthening exercises, including knee extensors, knee flexors, hip adductors, ankle plantar flexors, and ankle dorsolflexors, performed 8-10 times, 1-2 sets, 3 times a week, with 1 day intervals in between. Balance training includes 12 exercises such as kneeling, walking backwards, walking and turning, walking sideways, tandem standing (heel-toe standing), tandem walking (heel-toe walking), standing on one leg, walking on the heel, and walking on the tip of the foot. Only 1 set of 1 exercise, 3 times a week, 1 day interval in between. Add 4 upper body strength exercises and 4 lower body strength exercises to the OEP, using water bottles and elastic bands as AIDS. Each movement is completed 8-12 times, 1-3 sets, 3 times a week, 1 day apart.

In order to harmonize the pace measurement method, the 2019 Asian Sarcopenia Working Group recommends the time it takes to walk 6 meters at a normal pace from moving as a measure of average pace. The test is carried out in an inspection room that is more than 8 meters long. Crutches that participants normally use can also be used. The start and end of the 6-meter distance are clearly marked. Subjects stand with their toes touching the starting line, and after being instructed to move forward at their usual speed, subjects start walking, inspectors start timing, and when subjects fully cross the 6-meter mark with one foot, inspectors stop timing. The test is performed twice, recording the shortest time (in seconds) required to complete each distance. The smaller the value, the faster the walking speed, the better the physical ability.

The formula for calculating SMI in InBody is as follows: SMI= sum of segmental muscle mass (two arms and two legs) ÷ square of height.

HS was measured to estimate muscle strength and was performed with a hand dynamometer (Jamar Plus Digital Hand Dynamometer, Sammons Preston, USA). During the HS test, participants had to hold the dynamometer in their hand with the arm stretched parallel to the body while being instructed to stand upright. This measure was performed three times on the dominant hand with a rest interval of 1 min between measurements; finally, the best performance was used as the maximum peak (PK) of HS (in kg). The statistical analysis also included mean peak (mean PK).The higher the grip strength value, the greater the muscle strength, the better the physical ability.

Using the Octupole Bioimpedance InBody 770 analyzer (InBody Co. Seoul, Korea), participants wore light clothing and no shoes.The higher the number, the more muscle the human body has.The ideal skeletal muscle content for men is 47% of standard body weight and 42% of standard body weight for women. A 10% move up or down is considered normal.

Using the Octupole Bioimpedance InBody 770 analyzer (InBody Co. Seoul, Korea), participants wore light clothing and no shoes.The higher the value of this index, the higher the body fat content.

Using the Octupole Bioimpedance InBody 770 analyzer (InBody Co. Seoul, Korea), participants wore light clothing and no shoes. The average person's BMI is usually between 18 and 23.