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This study aims to adapt, validate, and assess the reliability of the Geriatric Pain Measure - Short Form in Turkish. A total of 150 patients aged 65 years and older will complete the scale under the supervision of pain management and gerontology specialists. Reliability and validity will be evaluated using statistical analyses, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and correlation with validated pain and sleep scales. Ethical approval has been obtained, and all participants will provide informed consent.
For the Turkish adaptation, validation, and reliability study of the Geriatric Pain Measure - Short Form, permission was obtained from Dr. Eva Blozik, the original developer of the scale. The adaptation process will follow standard cross-cultural validation guidelines, including forward translation into Turkish by an expert group, back-translation into English by a separate expert group, and comparison of the back-translated version with the original English version for conceptual and linguistic accuracy. A multidisciplinary expert panel, including Turkish language specialists and pain management experts, will review the final Turkish version, making necessary cultural adaptations to ensure semantic equivalence. The study will involve 150 patients aged 65 years and older visiting the Pain Management Clinic, where they will complete the Turkish version of the scale under the supervision of pain management and gerontology specialists. Reliability will be assessed through internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), test-retest reliability, and item-total correlations, while construct validity will be evaluated using factor analysis. Concurrent validity will be examined by correlating the Turkish version of the scale with other outcome measures. Ethical approval has been obtained from Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital Ethics Committee, and all participants will provide written informed consent before participation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Geriatric Patients with Chronic Pain | Geriatric patients (≥65 years) with chronic pain who are examined at the Pain Management Clinic of Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital. Participants will be assessed under the supervision of pain management and gerontology specialists. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geriatric Pain Measurement Short Form | Other | Geriatric Pain Measure - Short Form (GPM-SF) is a validated pain assessment tool designed specifically for older adults. It is a 12-item questionnaire that evaluates pain intensity, interference with daily activities, and emotional impact of chronic pain in geriatric patients. The short form provides a quick and reliable assessment of pain-related disability in older populations. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Geriatric Pain Measurement Short Form | Geriatric Pain Measure - Short Form (GPM-SF) is a validated pain assessment tool designed specifically for older adults. It is a 12-item questionnaire that evaluates pain intensity, interference with daily activities, and emotional impact of chronic pain in geriatric patients. The short form provides a quick and reliable assessment of pain-related disability in older populations. | Day 1 |
| Numerik Rating Scale | The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) is a 0 to 10 scale used to assess pain intensity, where 0 = no pain and 10 = worst possible pain. It is a simple, reliable tool widely used in clinical and research settings. | Day 1 |
| FRAIL Scale | The FRAIL Scale is a five-item questionnaire used to assess frailty in older adults. It evaluates Fatigue, Resistance (weakness), Ambulation (mobility), Illnesses (comorbidities), and Loss of weight. A higher score indicates a greater degree of frailty, helping identify patients at risk for adverse health outcomes. | Day 1 |
| Lawton & Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale | The Lawton & Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, a scale that assesses an older adult's ability to perform eight complex daily tasks essential for independent living. These tasks include using the telephone, shopping, meal preparation, housekeeping, laundry, transportation, medication management, and handling finances. It helps evaluate functional independence and detect early declines in cognitive or physical abilities | Day 1 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale-15 | The Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) is a shortened version of the original GDS, consisting of 15 yes/no questions designed to screen for depression in older adults. It is simple, quick, and reliable, making it suitable for use in clinical and research settings, including in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Higher scores indicate more depressive symptoms. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients over 65 years of age who applied to the pain management outpatient clinic with the complaint of chronic pain and consented to participate the study.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tuba Tanyel Saraçoğlu, Medical Doctor | Contact | 00902129096000 | 30721 | tuba.saracoglu1@saglik.gov.tr |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital | Recruiting | Istanbul | Başakşehir | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D059350 | Chronic Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| Day 1 |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index is a self-reported questionnaire assessing sleep quality over the past month. It includes 18 items evaluating aspects such as sleep duration, latency, disturbances, efficiency, daytime dysfunction, and use of sleep medications. A higher total score indicates poorer sleep quality | Day 1 |