Intravenous Nalbuphine for Prevention of Intrathecal Morphine-induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section: A Double-blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Intravenous Nalbuphine for Prevention of Intrathecal Morphine-induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section: A Double-blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.

We study efficacy of iv nalbuphine in prevention of intrathecal morphine-induced nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cesarean section.

IV nalbuphine has been proved to help prevent intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus in some studies but results in nausea vomiting prevention have not been well studied. In Thailand, most caesarean section is done under spinal anesthesia with intrathecal morphine, proving that iv nalbuphine is effective would be beneficial for our population. This study aims to see whether 4 mg of nalbuphine is effective in reducing incidence of intrathecal morphine-related nausea vomiting in parturient who underwent C-section under spinal anesthesia with 0.2 mg of intrathecal morphine.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia
• age > 18 years

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with known allergy to medications used in this study (nalbuphine, bupivacaine or morphine)
• Patient with medical conditions which spinal anesthesia is contraindicated ie. heart diseases, renal or hepatic impairment, obesity >=100 kilograms
• Patients with history of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) or motion sickness who may have preexisting risk factors for PONV
• Patient with known history of drug abuse
• Unwilling to participate in the study