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This study was conducted to determine the impact of stress ball use on stress, sleep quality, and comfort levels in hemodialysis patients.
The study population consisted of patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment in the hemodialysis unit of a training and research hospital located in western Türkiye between February 19, 2024, and April 19, 2024 (N=90). The study sample included a total of 60 patients (30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group), selected through randomization from those who met the research criteria and agreed to participate. During the study, two patients from the experimental group and one patient from the control group were excluded from the study due to health issues that prevented them from using the stress ball. The study was conducted with a total of 57 patients (28 in the experimental group and 29 in the control group).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| stress ball | Experimental | the stress ball intervention was initiated. Before starting, the researcher provided instructions and demonstrations on how to use the stress ball, allowing then the patients to practice. The stress ball intervention was administered during the second hour of the hemodialysis session when patients were most comfortable. Patients were instructed to squeeze the stress ball once, counting internally as "1-2-3" with each squeeze. The stress ball intervention was administered three times weekly during hemodialysis sessions for 15 minutes each session, totaling 12 sessions for a period of four weeks. Throughout the intervention, patients were observed by the same researcher. |
|
| Control | No Intervention | No intervention will be made to the contro group, only data will be collected at the same time as the study group. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| stress ball | Other | the stress ball intervention was initiated. Before starting, the researcher provided instructions and demonstrations on how to use the stress ball, allowing then the patients to practice. The stress ball intervention was administered during the second hour of the hemodialysis session when patients were most comfortable. Patients were instructed to squeeze the stress ball once, counting internally as "1-2-3" with each squeeze. The stress ball intervention was administered three times weekly during hemodialysis sessions for 15 minutes each session, totaling 12 sessions for a period of four weeks. Throughout the intervention, patients were observed by the same researcher. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Stress evaluated using the Perceived Stress Scale | The obtainable total score from the scale ranges from 0 to 56, with higher scores indicating a greater perception of stress | Change from before implementation and 4th week of practice |
| Sleep quality ewaluated the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | The sum of the scores from these seven components yields the total PSQI score, which ranges from 0 to 21. Individuals with a total score of 5 or lower are classified as having 'good" sleep quality, while those with a score above 5 are classified as having "poor" sleep quality. | Change from before implementation and 4th week of practice |
| Comfort evaluated using Hemodialysis Comfort Scale Version II | The total score obtained from the scale ranges from 26 to 130, with higher scores indicating greater comfort levels. | Change from before implementation and 4th week of practice |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ayse Kacaroglu Vicdan, Associate Professor | Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Universty | Principal Investigator |
| Dilek Dilek Gibyeli Genek, Assisstant Professor | Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Universty | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turkey, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University | Muğla | 48000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42249385 | Derived | Kacaroglu Vicdan A, Gibyeli Genek D. The effect of stress ball use on stress, sleep quality, and comfort in individuals receiving hemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2026 Jun 6;26(1):218. doi: 10.1186/s12906-026-05429-9. |
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All information about the study can be shared
14 february 2025 -14 february 2026
All information about the study can be shared
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007319 | Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020919 | Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic |
| D020920 | Dyssomnias |
| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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randomized controlled, parellel
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The patients involved in the study, the researcher collecting the pre-test and post-test data, and the statistician evaluating the data were not informed about the group assignments.
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| D001523 |
| Mental Disorders |