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The objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of stress ball utilisation on perceived stress, pain and satisfaction levels during port catheter intervention in cancer patients. In this study, which was conducted in a randomised controlled design, a control group of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy (n=37) was assigned to receive standard care during port catheter needle insertion. An intervention group (n=37) was also formed, comprising patients who received stress ball application in addition to standard care. The intervention group was provided with a stress ball in both hands five minutes prior to the insertion of the port catheter needle and instructed to squeeze the ball in their hands at regular intervals until the conclusion of the procedure. Prior to the application, the descriptive characteristics of both groups were ascertained, and their perceived stress levels were assessed. Subsequently, the pain and perceived stress levels of both groups were documented. Additionally, the satisfaction levels of the intervention group regarding the stress ball application were evaluated.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| intervention | Experimental |
| |
| control | No Intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| stress ball | Behavioral | The intervention group was provided with a stress ball to be held in both hands for a period of five minutes prior to the insertion of the port catheter needle. They were instructed to squeeze the ball in their hands at regular intervals until the conclusion of the procedure. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| perceived stress level | Perceived Stress Scale: The Perceived Stress Scale, comprising a total of 14 items, has been developed to assess the degree to which an individual perceives specific circumstances in their life as stressful. The scale is a 5-point Likert-type scale, with each item ranging from "Never (0)" to "Very often (4)". The total score obtained from the scale is indicative of the individual's stress level. | baseline and end of the port catheterisation procedure (mean time 10 minutes) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| pain level | The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS): The Visual Analogue Scale is a frequently employed instrument for the assessment of pain intensity. It is a unidimensional scale with a length of 0-10 cm. The scale is anchored at 0 cm, which is defined as no pain, and 10 cm, which is defined as unbearable pain. As the score obtained from the scale increases, the pain intensity also increases. | End of the port catheterisation procedure (mean time 10 minutes) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| patient satisfaction level | Visual Analog Scale-Satisfaction Level (VAS): The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), comprising a 10-cm line, represents a valid and reliable instrument for measuring subjective emotions such as mood. In this study, a visual analogue scale (VAS) was employed as a means of evaluating patient satisfaction levels. | End of the port catheterisation procedure (mean time 10 minutes) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Aslıhan Öztürk Çetin, MSc | Izmir Bakircay University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ayşegül Çelik | Izmir | Menemen | 35665 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D017060 | Patient Satisfaction |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
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Randomized controlled experimental study
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|
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |