This is a retrospectively observational study. The goal of this observational study is to analyze the risk factors of paraspinal muscles associated with the occurrence of spondylolisthesis in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis(DLS) and to construct a predictive model. The main question it aims to answer is: Which paraspinal muscle changes are risk factors for DLS? We will collect the information of patients who have undergone lumbar MRI in our hospital and have been diagnosed with back pain ( including spondylolisthesis or no spondylolisthesis) during the period from 2022 to 2024.The collected data included gender, age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, occupation and imaging parameters. We will then retrospectively analyze the risk factors associated with lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who presented to our hospital with back pain(the diagnosis was spondylolisthesis or no spondylolisthesis);
• Patients older than 50 years;
• Patients with complete clinical data and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before surgery.

Exclusion Criteria:

• The patient has previous spinal surgery;
• Patients with lumbar tumor,lumbar infection and lumbar tuberculosis;
• Patients with incomplete MRI sequence.

Patients who have undergone lumbar MRI in our hospital and have been diagnosed with back pain ( including spondylolisthesis or no spondylolisthesis) during the period from 2022 to 2024.