This study was a retrospective study. The investigators intended to review the preoperative paraspinal muscle imaging data of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and degenerative scoliosis treated in hospital, and follow up the symptoms, quality of life and surgical complications at 1 year and at the last follow-up. The aims were: (1) to explore the correlation between paraspinal muscle imaging parameters and clinical outcomes; (2) based on the postoperative functional scores and the presence of complications, to explore the best combination of imaging parameters for predictive value of prognosis; (3) to evaluate the consistency between different measurement methods, and improve the standardized paraspinal muscle imaging assessment; (4) Combining the characteristics of individual bone mass and paravertebral muscle (functional and imaging assessment), to explore the correlation between bone loss and paravertebral muscle degeneration; (5) to explore a muscle-bone mass assessment system that could reflect the prognosis of patients.

This study was a retrospective study. The investigators intended to review the preoperative paraspinal muscle imaging data of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and degenerative scoliosis treated in our hospital, and follow up the symptoms, quality of life and surgical complications at 1 year and at the last follow-up. The aims were: (1) to explore the correlation between paraspinal muscle imaging parameters and clinical outcomes; (2) based on the postoperative functional scores and the presence of complications, to explore the best combination of imaging parameters for predictive value of prognosis; (3) to evaluate the consistency between different measurement methods, and improve the standardized paraspinal muscle imaging assessment; (4) Combining the characteristics of individual bone mass and paravertebral muscle (functional and imaging assessment), to explore the correlation between bone loss and paravertebral muscle degeneration; (5) to explore a muscle-bone mass assessment system that could reflect the prognosis of patients.

The investigators intended to review the patients who underwent posterior surgery for degenerative lumbar diseases from January 2010 to December 2019.

1. To review the patients who underwent posterior surgery in orthopedic department for degenerative scoliosis. The inclusion criteria were: (1) above the age of 45; (2) satisfy at least one of the following criteria: cobb angle > 10°, sagittal vertical axis (SVA) > 5cm, pelvic tilt (PT) > 25°, or thoracic kyphosis (TK) > 60°. The exclusion criteria were: (1) with a history of arthritic tumor or neuromuscular disease (2) with a history of spinal surgery.
2. To review the patients who underwent posterior surgery in orthopedic department for lumbar spinal stenosis. The inclusion criteria were: (1) above the age of 45; (2) diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis. The exclusion criteria were: (1) with a history of arthritic tumor or neuromuscular disease (2) with a history of spinal surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Underwent posterior surgery for degenerative scoliosis;
• Above the age of 45;
• Satisfy at least one of the following criteria: cobb angle > 10°, sagittal vertical axis > 5cm, pelvic tilt > 25°, or thoracic kyphosis > 60°.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Underwent posterior surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis;
• Above the age of 45;
• Diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis.

In the orthopaedic department of Peking University Third Hospital, patients with a clear diagnosis of lumbar degenerative diseases, and were performed by posterior surgery will be enrolled.

We will make the clinical study report available for half a year after the publication of the results of the study.

The individual participant data (IPD) will become available for half a year after the publication of the results of the study.

The IPD is available to the readers of the journal in which our research is published. The corresponding author of the published papers will review the requests.